Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Calcined Ni–Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides

The catalytic partial oxidation of CH₄ to syngas was carried out over an Ni–Mg/Al mixed-oxide catalyst prepared from layered double hydroxide-type precursors. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, UV-DRS, XRF, BET and CHNS analysis. The effects of the catalyst composition and the calcination temperature on the catalytic performance and the extent of catalyst deactivation were investigated. Ni–Mg/Al oxide catalysts converted CH₄ into syngas efficiently with high selectivity. The catalyst performance was strongly related to the Ni particle size and the calcination temperature. The catalysts that were calcined at higher temperature exhibited a better catalytic performance. In conclusion, the NiAl₂O₄ spinel phase had a positive effect on the stability of the catalyst.     

Zn-Al-CO_3水滑石晶粒尺寸控制与光屏蔽作用研究

在旋转液膜反应器中制备成核浆液 ,通过控制晶化温度制备了不同粒径且晶体结构完整的Zn Al CO3水滑石 (LDHs)。将不同粒径的Zn Al CO3LDHs配成质量分数为 0 0 2 %的水分散液 ,测定在紫外 -可见光范围的透过率 ,结果发现 ,随晶化温度的升高 ,LDHs粒径增大 ,样品对紫外及可见光的阻隔作用增强 ;Zn Al CO3LDHs在不同波长下的吸光度与晶体粒子在a轴和c轴方向的尺寸呈线性关系。由外推法求得了Zn Al CO3LDHs对各波长紫外 -可见光产生屏蔽作用的晶粒尺寸阈值。对波长分别为 2 90、3 2 0、40 0、60 0和 80 0nm光波能够产生屏蔽作用的Zn Al CO3LDHs ,其粒子尺寸在a轴方向需分别大于 3 2 92、3 3 77、3 4 77、3 5 5 6、3 5 79nm ;在c轴方向需分别大于 9 73、12 79、16 47、19 3 5、2 0 2 2nm。     

Alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol over catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like anionic clays

Vapour phase alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol was carried out in a fixed-bed flow reactor over calcined magnesium aluminium hydrotalcites (MgAl-CHT) with Mg/Al atomic ratios 2, 3 and 4. MgAl 3.0-CHT showed higher phenol conversion (80% at 350C, in the alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol. Both O- and C-alkylations were found to be taking place without any skeletal isomerization of the propyl moiety, suggesting an S_N2 type mechanism. Isomorphous substitution of Mg²⁺ by Cu²⁺ or Ni²⁺ in the hydrotalcite framework resulted in the predominant C-alkylation to give 2-n-propylphenol (60–70%) with nearly 40–50% phenol conversion at 350C. When 2-propanol was used as an alkylating agent, the phenol conversion decreased over all these catalysts and the alkylation was noticed exclusively at C-centers. Comparison of the product selectivity at constant phenol conversion revealed that CuAl 3.0-CHT is more selective for 2-n-propylphenol and 2-isopropylphenol in the reaction of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol respectively. The participation of a pair of acid-base sites in the calcined hydrotalcites for the alkylation reaction has been proposed. The acid-base properties of these catalysts have been examined by the decomposition of cyclohexanol as a test reaction. Analysis of the spent catalysts revealed that Cu²⁺ in CuO gets reduced into Cu¹⁺ and metallic copper during the reaction in the case of CuAl-CHT, while MgO and NiO phases of MgAl-CHT and NiAl-CHT are retained.     

水滑石形成机理与形貌控制的研究现状

综述了水滑石生长机理研究的几种典型理论和影响水滑石形貌、尺寸和结构控制的因素,重点介绍了不同制备方法对形貌特征的影响。     

烧制工艺对氧化镁活性的影响

为获取高活性氧化镁，以提供镁铝水滑石阻燃剂制备的实验依据，采用X射线衍射研究烧制工艺与氧化镁的结晶状态的关系，结果发现烧制温度和烧制时间对氧化镁的活性有较大的影响，而不同活性的氧化镁对镁铝水滑石有决定性影响。在500℃-750℃的范围内，镁盐的烧制温度为500℃-550℃，保温时间2h，这样的氧化镁的活性最大，用其制备镁铝水滑石试样纯度较高。     

添加LDH-ZnO的海藻酸钠基抗菌复合材料研究综述

目的 介绍海藻酸钠基抗菌复合材料的抗菌机理、特点以及在食品包装方面的应用。方法 重点阐述海藻酸钠的成膜机理、纳米氧化锌的抗菌机理,以及具有特殊层状结构的无机功能材料水滑石的抑菌性能,利用在不同改性方法下水滑石与氧化锌结合形成的增强抗菌结构,探究以海藻酸钠为基材制成的海藻酸钠/水滑石/纳米氧化锌复合膜体系的力学、阻隔和抗菌等性能。结论 绿色食品包装材料在现实生活中倍受关注,将海藻酸钠(能完全生物降解,具有良好的生物相容性和热稳定性的环境友好型材料)与水滑石-氧化锌抗菌剂结合,以增强抗菌复合材料的综合性能,符合国内外研究和开发新型抗菌材料的趋势。     

pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite hybrid beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite (SA/CHT) hybrid bead with improved the burst release effect of the drug.

Materials and methods: A series of pH-sensitive SA/CHT hybrid beads were prepared by using Ca²⁺ cross-linking in the presence of diclofenac sodium (DS) and SA. The structure and drug loading of the beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The swelling and the drug release of the fabricated beads were investigated by the pH of test medium and CHT content.

Result: The formed positively charged hydrotalcite layers were adsorbed on the negatively charged SA polymer chains through electrostatic interaction and act as inorganic cross-linkers in the three-dimensional network. Compared to pure SA beads, the incorporation of CHT enhanced the drug encapsulation efficiency, improved the swelling behaviors and slowed the drug release from the hybrid beads.

Discussion and conclusions: The electrostatic interaction between hydrotalcite and SA has restricted the movability of the SA polymer chains, and then slowed down swelling and dissolution rates in aqueous solutions. The results provided a simple method to moderate drug release and matrix degradation of the SA beads.     

水滑石@凹凸棒石的制备及其吸附性能

采用共沉淀法制备镁铝水滑石,探讨化学沉淀法和物理球磨法两种复合方式对水滑石@凹凸棒石复合材料物相、微观结构和吸附性能的影响,利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)仪对反应产物进行表征.结果表明,物理球磨法制备的复合材料对盐酸四环素吸附效果较好.当凹凸棒石用量为水滑石质量70％时,凹凸...     

纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响

为了研究纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响,以聚磷酸铵(APP)-季戊四醇(PER)-三聚氰胺(MEL)-硼酸三聚氰胺(MB)为阻燃体系,硅丙乳液为成膜物质,分别添加球形纳米二氧化硅(Si O2)、经硅烷偶联剂KH560改性的管状碳纳米管(KH560–CNT)和片状水滑石(LDH)制备了3种水性膨胀型防火涂料。采用小室法、隧道法及模拟大板法研究了涂层的防火阻燃性能,再结合热重分析、扫描电镜分析和能谱分析,考察了涂层的热解性能和炭层结构。结果表明,球形Si O2和片状LDH能有效增强防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出较好的协效作用;管状KH560–CNT则会恶化防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出对抗作用。当纳米填料的质量分数为0.5%时,片状LDH表现出最优的协效作用,火焰传播比值为12.5,烟密度等级为14.1%。这是因为它能促进涂层在燃烧过程中形成更多的含磷和含硼交联结构,有效增强了炭层的致密性、连续性和隔热性能。     

镁铝水滑石纳米片可控制备及其吸附性能研究

在聚乙二醇(PEG)存在的条件下,通过一步水热法合成了晶相单一的六方片状镁铝水滑石层状双氢氧化物(LDH)。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、N2吸附、UV-Vis紫外-分光光度计和zeta电位仪等对产物进行了表征。考察了PEG活性剂对水滑石形貌及性能的影响。结果表明,添加活性剂改性后制备的六边形水滑石纳米片形貌规整均一,宽约几微米,厚度约为100~200 nm,纳米片间易形成交叉支撑结构,分散性好,比表面积为203.5 m2/g。在室温,焙烧后的Mg AlLDO对浓度为100 mg/L的刚果红30 min内去除率可达97%,饱和吸附量为243.5 mg/g。