B2/DO3热处理对Fe3Al基合金在湿H2S-CO2-Cl-环境中耐蚀性的影响

针对不同结构对Fe3Al在湿H2S-CO2-Cl－天然气集输环境中耐蚀性的影响,对未处理、经B2或DO3热处理的Fe3Al试样,遵循ASTM G111-97(2013)和NACE TM 0169/ G 31-12a标准,试验模拟罗家寨气田实际工况进行全浸均匀腐蚀试验,评估其腐蚀速率;采用XRD表征其物相;采用SEM表征其腐蚀前后表面的微观结构;采用EDS测量并统计分析不同结构位置化学成分的差异。结果表明,Fe28Al4Cr合金在所模拟罗家寨气田实际工况环境中,经168 h合金表面形成内层以铝氧化物+铁氧化物为主、外层以铁氧化物+铁硫化物为主的双层腐蚀产物膜,内层膜致密而均匀,但受金属基体表面形貌影响会发生开裂。Fe28Al4Cr合金表面DO3结构比B2结构Fe含量约低1.75 at%,而Al含量约高1.64 at%。内层腐蚀产物膜主要构成元素Al at%的不同,使合金表面钝化膜生长行为产生差异,进而影响合金耐蚀性;具体表现为2~24 h内因钝化DO3处理合金的腐蚀速率下降响应更迅速。在所模拟罗家寨气田实际工况环境中,168 h后Fe28Al4Cr合金腐蚀速率趋于稳定,为0.238~ 0.27 mm/y,均达到了实际工程应用的条件。     

Halogenated La1.6Sr.04CuO4 catalysts active for ethane selective oxidation to ethene

The catalytic performances and characterization of the catalysts La_1.6Sr_0.4CuO_3.852, La_1.6Sr_0.4CuO_3.857F_0.143, and La_1.6Sr_0.4 CuO_3.856Cl_0.126 have been investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) to ethene. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the three catalysts have a single‐phase tetragonal K₂NiF₄-type structure. The incorporation of fluoride or chloride ions in the La_1.6Sr_0.4CuO_4-δ lattice can significantly enhance C₂H₆ conversion and C₂H₄ selectivity. We observed 83.2% C₂H₆ conversion, 76.7% C₂H₄ selectivity, and 63.8% C₂H₄ yield over La_1.6Sr_0.4CuO_3.857F_0.143> and 79.6% C₂H₆ conversion, 74.6% C₂H₄ selectivity, and 59.4% C₂H₄ yield over La_1.6Sr_0.4CuO_3.856Cl_0.126 under the reaction conditions of C₂H₆/O₂/N₂ molar ratio 2/1/3.7, temperature 660°C, and space velocity 6000 ml h^-1 g^-1. With the rise in space velocity, C₂H₆ conversion decreased, whereas C₂H₄ selectivity increased. Life studies showed that the two catalysts were durable within 60 h of on‐stream ODE reaction. Based on the results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, O₂ temperature-programmed desorption, and C₂H₆ and C₂H₆/O₂/N₂ (2/1/3.7 molar ratio) pulse studies, we conclude that (i) the inclusion of halide ions in the La_1.6Sr_0.4CuO_4δ lattice could promote lattice oxygen mobility, and (ii) the O^- species accommodated in oxygen vacancies and desorbed below 600°C favor ethane complete oxidation whereas the lattice oxygen species desorbed in the 600–700°C range are active for ethane selective oxidation to ethene. By regulating the oxygen vacancy density and Cu³/Cu ratio in the K₂NiF₄-type halo-oxide catalyst, one can generate a durable catalyst with good performance for the ODE reaction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

电子行业用高纯钯的制备研究

高纯钯在电子行业等领域应用广泛,需求迫切。以氯化钯为原料,提出采用氯化铵沉淀-氨水配合联合工艺净化钯溶液,水合肼还原纯净钯溶液制备高纯钯。结果表明,固体氯化钯溶解后,在合适的条件下,该钯溶液经过氧化-氯化铵沉淀、氨水配合有效去除杂质元素,获得纯净二氯四氨合钯溶液,再经水合肼还原后,获得纯度99.999%高纯钯,其碳、氧、氮等杂质元素总含量小于355×10^-6。     

Adsorption of fluorine and chlorine on Mg (0001) surface: A density functional theory investigation

The adsorption of low-coverage of F and Cl adatoms on the Mg (0001) surface was investigated using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The stability of the (2 × 2) structures formed by halogen atoms adsorbed at different sites was determined. The difference between the adsorption of F and Cl on Mg (0001) surface was also discussed. The calculation results show that hollow sites are the energetically most favorable at the low-coverage. It can be concluded from the Mulliken charges and density of states that electrons transfer from the substrate Mg atoms to the adatoms, which leads to the formation of adsorbate bond and further causes the stronger interaction between Mg atom and adatom. The interaction between Cl and Mg atoms is weaker than the interaction between F and Mg.     

Effect of ultrasonic field treatment on degassing of 2024 alloy

The 2024 aluminum alloy was prepared with different ultrasonic processes. Effects of ultrasonic treatment parameters including ultrasonic power, treatment time, treatment temperature, and frequency resonance, as well as C₂Cl₆ degasser on degassing of the 2024 aluminum alloy were investigated. Results indicate that increasing ultrasonic power at the same ultrasonic treatment time can improve the degassing effect. The optimum degassing efficiency can be obtained under the resonant ultrasound condition. With the combination of 1% C₂Cl₆ addition and 150 W ultrasonic treatment for 40 s, the hydrogen content of the alloy is decreased by 52.9%. At the same time, the tensile strength and elongation are increased by 28.3% and 92.3%, respectively, and the yield strength is slightly increased by 6.7%. The degassing mechanism is also discussed.

     

SA-508Gr.3Cl.1厚板焊接工艺及焊接接头性能研究

对核岛设备常用低合金钢材料SA-508Gr.3Cl.1锻件的焊接性进行了研究,采用焊条电孤焊和窄间隙埋弧焊的组合焊接工艺对SA-508Gr.3Cl.1厚板进行了焊接,并对焊接接头组织和性能进行了分析,最终获得了强度高、韧性好、无缺陷的优良贝氏体组织焊接接头,解决了SA-508Gr.3Cl.1厚板焊接接头冷裂纹和韧性差的技术难点,为核岛主承压设备壳体的焊接提供了技术保障.     

新型FED用蓝粉Sr_5(PO_4)_3Cl: Eu~(2+)的研究

阴极射线显示器用蓝粉一直是限制彩色显示器发光效率和亮度的重要因素之一,这一问题也 同样存在于ＦＥＤ显示器件中。本文报导了最新研制的一种新型蓝色荧光粉Ｓｒ_５（ＰＯ_４）_３Ｃｌ： ＥＵ~（２＋）, 具有发光亮度较高,色纯度好,对阴极不易产生污染的特点。     

离子液体辅助提取葡萄籽中原花青素的工艺研究

原花青素是最有效的天然抗氧化剂,具有清除自由基,防癌抗衰老,美容养颜的功效.以赤霞珠葡萄籽为原料,通过添加优选离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)的乙醇水溶液提取原花青素,考察了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数、液料比4个因素对原花青素提取效率的影响.根据单因素实验结果设计响应面实验,得到原花青素的最佳工艺参数.该工艺的开发为原花青素的工业生产提供参考.     

添加氯化铵改性污泥活性炭吸附镉、铅重金属的研究

氯化铵作为添加剂、氯化锌作为活化剂制备高效吸附重金属离子的污泥活性炭,研究其对铅、镉重金属的吸附效果和机理,探讨了溶液pH值和吸附温度对重金属吸附的影响。结果表明:吸附量随pH值的增大而增大,温度对于低浓度金属离子的吸附量影响不大,温度的升高有利于铅的吸附;Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式均能较好模拟活性炭对镉重金属离子的吸附,铅的吸附则符合Freundlich吸附等温式。     

特定条件下的奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂行为

文章研究了退火态1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在78±5℃的纯NaCl溶液和NH4Cl加NaCl混合溶液中的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明,在22%NaCl中试样经1000h试验不发生应力腐蚀开裂。而浸在3%NH4Cl加17%NaCl,5%NH4Cl加10%NaCl,5%NH4Cl加17%NaCl,5%NH4Cl加25%NaCl四种混合溶液的试样经过小于1000h就产生应力腐蚀裂纹或断裂,所以NH4Cl促进了1Cr18Ni9Ti钢在NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂。依据断口扫描形貌和裂纹扩展途径的金相观察,探讨了在混合溶液中应力腐蚀机制。