基于有限元的脉冲激光辐照材料温度场研究

在激光超声检测过程中,为了合理加载脉冲激光的能量,以便获得幅值较大的超声波信号,同时避免脉冲激光造成材料的损伤,需要对脉冲激光辐照材料的温升进行数值计算。依据有限元理论,建立脉冲激光辐照材料的有限元模型,结合导热微分方程,将脉冲激光以热流密度的形式加载于材料表面,分析材料表层受激光辐照时的温度场,讨论有限元热分析时网格尺寸的选取对分析结果的影响。给出了材料表层受脉冲激光辐照时温度场的计算方法和网格尺寸的选择依据,并利用温度场的理论解析结果和应力场分析结果分别验证了温度场有限元计算方法的正确性和有效性。     

Oxygen‐Free Highly Conductive Graphene Papers

Graphene papers have a potential to overcome the gap from nanoscale graphene to real macroscale applications of graphene. A unique process for preparation of highly conductive graphene thin paper by means of Ar⁺ ion irradiation of graphene oxide (GO) papers, with carbon/oxygen ratio reduced to 100:1, is presented. The composition of graphene paper in terms of carbon/oxygen ratio and in terms of types of individual oxygen‐containing groups is monitored throughout the process. Angle‐resolved high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy helps to investigate the depth profile of carbon and oxygen within reduced GO paper. C/O ratios over 100 on the surface and 40 in bulk material are observed. In order to bring insight to the processes of oxygen removal from GO paper by low energy Ar⁺ ion bombardment, the gases released during the irradiation are analyzed by mass spectroscopy. It is proven that Ar⁺ ion beam can be applied as a technique for fabrication of highly reduced graphene papers with high conductivities. Such highly conductive graphene papers have great potential to be used in application for construction of microelectronic and sensor devices.     

红光照射联合伐昔洛韦护理治疗糖尿病合并带状疱疹的疗效观察

目的:探讨红光照射联合伐昔洛韦护理治疗糖尿病合并带状疱疹的疗效。方法:将96例糖尿病合并带状疱疹患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各48例。两组均采取相同的护理干预,对照组给予口服伐昔洛韦,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上采用红光治疗仪病灶部位照射。结果:观察组在水疱结痂、疼痛缓解和疼痛基本消失时间与对照组相比明显缩短。结论:红光照射联合伐昔洛韦及护理治疗糖尿病合并带状疱疹起效快,疗效显著。     

高斯激光辐照下膜基系统的温度场和应力场的瞬态分析

本文根据加载激光的工艺参数以及薄膜、基体的材料特性,建立了薄膜与基体的有限元模型,对高斯激光在加载在薄膜表面后的温度场进行有限元模拟,获得膜基系统中温度随时间的变化关系以及薄膜界面结合处的温升规律。并在此基础上根据薄膜和基体的热膨胀性能,进行薄膜和基体的应力场模拟,获得了膜基系统的应力场随时间的变化关系。模拟结果表明：在激光加载过程中,薄膜和基体中的温度场随着时间增加,由于热传导系数的差异在薄膜和基体之间产生温差。在膜基系统中产生的应力场主要集中在薄膜内部,膜基界面结合处产生的应力较大会导致薄膜的脱粘。模拟结果定性地反映了薄膜和基体中温度和热应力的变化规律,为分析激光划痕法的作用过程提供了一定的理论依据,对研究膜基系统失效进程具有重要意义。     

Synthesis,characterisation and use of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone together with other cyclobutanones as markers for irradiated liquid whole egg

The synthesis and characterisation of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (TCB) is described. Both 2-dodecykyclobutanone and TCB were shown to be present in liquid whole egg irradiated at doses of 2.5 and 10.0 kGy. These compounds were absent from the unirradiated pasteurised samples. Using gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy, there was also evidence for the presence in irradiated egg of 2-tetradeccnyl- and 2-tetradecadienylyclobutanone which are formed from oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. Authentic standards for these unsaturated cyclobutanones were not available commercially but the presence of 2-tetra-decenylcyclobutanone was substantiated by hydrogenating the egg extracts so converting this unsaturated cyclobutanone to TCB. Saturated and unsaturated cyclobutanones appear to be specific products of irradiation and are potential markers for detection of irradiated liquid egg and probably other fat-containing foods.     

激光辐照40~#Cr钢的腐蚀电化学特性与腐蚀疲劳性能的研究

用对比的方法研究了不同激光辐照工艺对40~#Cr钢耐蚀性和腐蚀疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,激光相变硬化处理的耐蚀性优于激光表面重熔处理的试样的耐蚀性。经激光表面辐照处理后,其腐蚀疲劳寿命也显著提高。结合光镜和SEM分析了材料的耐蚀机理和腐蚀疲劳断裂的特征与机制。     

强电磁脉冲对引信执行级电路辐照效应分析

研究了强电磁脉冲（UWS-HPM）对某型无线电近炸引信执行机构电路产生的效应。建立了UWS-HPM与引信执行级电路耦合的等效电路；利用节点电压法计算了电路参数，分析了影响UWS—HPM与引信执行级电路耦合的因素；利用OrCAD电路设计系统中的PSpiceA／D程序进行了仿真试验。仿真试验结果表明：UWS—HPM是使引信执行机构发火的原因。通过UWS-HPM与执行电路之间的耦合效应在执行机构电路中产生的快速变化的电压使晶闸管导通。利用UWS—HPM源对自制执行机构单元电路进行辐照效应试验，验证了仿真试验结果和分析结论。     

Study of hourly and daily solar irradiation forecast using diagonal recurrent wavelet neural networks

An accurate forecast of solar irradiation is required for various solar energy applications and environmental impact analyses in recent years. Comparatively, various irradiation forecast models based on artificial neural networks (ANN) perform much better in accuracy than many conventional prediction models. However, the forecast precision of most existing ANN based forecast models has not been satisfactory to researchers and engineers so far, and the generalization capability of these networks needs further improving. Combining the prominent dynamic properties of a recurrent neural network (RNN) with the enhanced ability of a wavelet neural network (WNN) in mapping nonlinear functions, a diagonal recurrent wavelet neural network (DRWNN) is newly established in this paper to perform fine forecasting of hourly and daily global solar irradiance. Some additional steps, e.g. applying historical information of cloud cover to sample data sets and the cloud cover from the weather forecast to network input, are adopted to help enhance the forecast precision. Besides, a specially scheduled two phase training algorithm is adopted. As examples, both hourly and daily irradiance forecasts are completed using sample data sets in Shanghai and Macau, and comparisons between irradiation models show that the DRWNN models are definitely more accurate.     

获得最大日照度的协调控制方法的研究——多镜面聚光型太阳能光伏系统

针对目前太阳能聚光方式,提出了采用平面镜反射聚光的多镜面阵全跟踪聚光方案.首先描述了多镜面聚光型太阳能光伏系统的基本结构及其跟踪控制原理和方法.通过对多镜面阵聚光系统对太阳全方位跟踪控制分析,推出了太阳电池组件和平面镜阵在跟踪过程中方位角、倾角及空间位置变化的运动方程.通过建立了平面镜阵与太阳电池组件之间的运动关系,实现太阳电池组件跟踪控制以及平面镜阵之间的跟踪协调控制,并对此系统进行了定量分析和数值计算.     

CO_2激光辐照对PZT-4陶瓷压电性能的影响

常温常压下,采用CO2激光辐照带有电极的PZT-4陶瓷片,当激光辐照时间分别为2、5和10 s时,在适当的激光功率密度下可使其压电应变常数d33从380 pC/N下降为零。系统地研究了激光功率密度和激光辐照时间对PZT-4陶瓷压电性能影响的规律。XRD、拉曼光谱和退火实验结果表明:CO2激光辐照使d33下降为零的原因是由于激光热效应导致PZT-4陶瓷的电畴排列失序,极化状态消失;而激光辐照未使其物相发生变化。