高效液相色谱法测定玉米浆干粉中维生素B6的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定玉米浆干粉中维生素B6含量的方法。色谱条件为Symmetry-C18柱（3.9mm×150mm,5μm）;流动相:A相为甲醇,B相为含0.05g/L EDTA和1.1g/L庚烷磺酸钠的2.5%乙酸溶液（pH3.40）,以A∶B为1∶6比例等度洗脱;流速为0.8mL/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为280nm;样品分析时间为10min。结果表明,维生素B6的线性范围为0.10¹00.00μg/mL（r=0.9999）,日间和日内精密度均小于15%,低、中、高三种浓度下玉米浆干粉样品中维生素B6的提取回收率分别平均为93.66%±1.38%、95.60%±2.77%、93.52%±2.46%（n=4）。此法操作简便、快速、准确,可作为玉米浆干粉中维生素B6含量的检测方法。      

水分活度对全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间脂肪稳定性的影响

采用加速氧化的方法研究水分活度对全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间脂肪稳定性的影响。通过测定全脂羊奶粉的酸值、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、颜色等指标评价全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间的氧化状况。结果表明,水分活度为0.32的全脂羊奶粉贮藏期间酸值、TBA值显著高于水分活度为0.11和0.23的全脂羊奶粉(p<0.05),且水分活度为0.32的全脂羊奶粉过氧化值变化速率较快(p<0.05),且褐变严重。因此,降低全脂羊奶粉的水分活度可以提高其贮藏稳定性。      

微胶囊化大豆粉末油脂包埋技术的研究

通过对单一包埋剂和复合包埋剂分别对大豆粉末油脂包埋效果的研究,优选出包埋效果好的包埋剂并通过包埋剂的复配提高了包埋效果,最后通过正交实验确定大豆粉末油脂的最优配方为:大豆一级油50%,酪蛋白酸钠2.5%,变性淀粉2.5%,乳化剂2.0%(单甘酯0.6%、糖酯1.4%)、麦芽糊精42.5%,加水配制物料浓度为40%,在该配方和工艺条件生产的大豆粉末油脂包埋率达到92%。      

基于㶲方法的CO2捕集系统的热经济性评价

针对CO₂捕集系统, 提出了体现能量的质的评价指标——耗率.解吸耗率是解吸过程的过程性评价指标, 直接反映了解吸过程工艺和设备能耗水平.抽汽耗率是CO2捕集系统的综合性评价指标, 能合理全面地评价捕集系统蒸汽能量利用的程度.引入的减温效率衡量了抽汽在减温过程中可用能的有效利用程度.     

基于灰色理论的foF2短期预报方法

将灰色理论应用于电离层foF2的短期预报中,基于灰色距离信息熵确定样本序列最佳灰色预报长度,构建基于残差修正的预报模型,并利用中国地区多个观测站的观测数据进行检验.研究表明:平均灰色距离信息熵的计算结果反映了太阳自转的周期性影响;高纬度地区预报方法的精度高于低纬度地区,且在太阳活动较为剧烈的季节,预报方法的误差相对较大;提前1 d预报结果的平均相对残差在1 MHz以内,平均精度在90%以上.为今后电离层短期预报提供了一种新思路.     

高产信号分子AI-2乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

通过V.harveyi BB170生物学方法检测分离自内蒙古锡盟地区的8株乳酸菌产生群体感应信号分子AI-2的情况,筛选出高产信号分子AI-2的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,并探究信号分子AI-2变化规律。结果表明:8株乳酸菌均能够分泌具有活性的信号分子AI-2,其中,菌株2-1产信号分子AI-2的能力显著优于其他7株乳酸菌（p<0.05）;高产AI-2的乳酸菌菌株2-1经鉴定为发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）;随着2-1菌体的生长信号分子AI-2的浓度也随之增大,并且信号分子AI-2浓度在稳定期初期达到最大值。      

Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibits Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses of Microglia by Suppression of Cathepsins B and L

Recently, the effects of antibacterial peptides are suggested to have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, systemic treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathological changes in middle-aged mice. Then, we examined whether human β-defensins (hBDs), antimicrobial peptides produced by the oral mucosa and salivary glands, can suppress Pg LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by microglia. hBD3 (1 μM) significantly suppressed Pg LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. hBD3 (1 μM) also significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 by HMC3 cells, a human microglial cell line. In contrast, neither hBD1, hBD2 nor hBD4 failed to inhibit their productions. Furthermore, hBD3 suppressed Pg LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation through the IκBα degradation. Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 was significantly suppressed by E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and CA-074Me, a known specific inhibitor for cathepsin B, but not by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. Interestingly, hBD3 significantly inhibited enzymatic activities of recombinant human cathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their intracellular activities in MG6 cells. Therefore, hBD3 suppressed oxidative and inflammatory responses of microglia through the inhibition of cathepsins B and L, which enzymatic activities are necessary for the NF-κB activation.     

Delineating Purinergic Signaling in Drosophila

Simplistic models can aid in discovering what is important in the context of normal and pathological behavior. First recognized as a genetic model more than 100 years ago, to date, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) still remain an astonishingly good laboratory stand-in for scientists to study development and physiology and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of human diseases. This is because fruit flies indeed represent a simplistic model. Furthermore, about 75% of human disease-related genes have their counterparts in the Drosophila genome, added to the fact that fruit flies are inexpensive and extremely easy to maintain, being invertebrates and, moreover, lacking any ethical concern issues. Purinergic signaling is, by definition, mediated by extracellular purinergic ligands, among which ATP represents the prototype molecule. A key feature that has progressively emerged when dissecting the purinergic mechanisms is the multilayer and dynamic nature of the signaling sustained by purinergic ligands. Indeed, these last are sequentially metabolized by several different ectonucleotidases, which generate the ligands that simultaneously activate several different purinergic receptors. Since significant purinergic actions have also been described in Drosophila, the aim of the present work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the purinergic events occurring in fruit flies.     

Expression Patterns and Gonadotropin Regulation of the TGF-β II Receptor (Bmpr2) during Ovarian Development in the Ricefield Eel Monopterus albus

Bmpr2 plays a central role in the regulation of reproductive development in mammals, but its role during ovarian development in fish is still unclear. To ascertain the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development in the ricefield eel, we isolated and characterized the bmpr2 cDNA sequence; the localization of Bmpr2 protein was determined by immunohistochemical staining; and the expression patterns of bmpr2 in ovarian tissue incubated with FSH and hCG in vitro were analyzed. The full-length bmpr2 cDNA was 3311 bp, with 1061 amino acids encoded. Compared to other tissues, bmpr2 was abundantly expressed in the ovary and highly expressed in the early yolk accumulation (EV) stages of the ovary. In addition, a positive signal for Bmpr2 was detected in the cytoplasm of oocytes in primary growth (PG) and EV stages. In vitro, the expression level of gdf9, the ligand of bmpr2, in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group was significantly higher after incubation for 4 h than after incubation for different durations. However, bmpr2 expression in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group at 2 h, 4 h and 10 h was significantly lower. Importantly, the expression level of bmpr2 and gdf9 in the 100 IU/mL hCG group had similar changes that were significantly decreased at 4 h and 10 h. In summary, Bmpr2 might play a pivotal role in ovarian growth in the ricefield eel, and these results provide a better understanding of the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development and the basic data for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of gdf9 in oocyte development.     

The STIM1/2-Regulated Calcium Homeostasis Is Impaired in Hippocampal Neurons of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Neuronal calcium homeostasis impairment may contribute to AD. Here we demonstrated that voltage-gated calcium (VGC) entry and store-operated calcium (SOC) entry regulated by calcium sensors of intracellular calcium stores STIM proteins are affected in hippocampal neurons of the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model. We observed excessive SOC entry in 5xFAD mouse neurons, mediated by STIM1 and STIM2 proteins with increased STIM1 contribution. There were no significant changes in cytoplasmic calcium level, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bulk calcium levels, or expression levels of STIM1 or STIM2 proteins. The potent inhibitor BTP-2 and the FDA-approved drug leflunomide reduced SOC entry in 5xFAD neurons. In turn, excessive voltage-gated calcium entry was sensitive to the inhibitor of L-type calcium channels nifedipine but not to the T-type channels inhibitor ML218. Interestingly, the depolarization-induced calcium entry mediated by VGC channels in 5xFAD neurons was dependent on STIM2 but not STIM1 protein in cells with replete Ca²⁺ stores. The result gives new evidence on the VGC channel modulation by STIM2. Overall, the data demonstrate the changes in calcium signaling of hippocampal neurons of the AD mouse model, which precede amyloid plaque accumulation or other signs of pathology manifestation.