Chl1, an ATP-Dependent DNA Helicase,Inhibits DNA:RNA Hybrids Formation at DSB Sites to Maintain Genome Stability in S. pombe

As an ATP-dependent DNA helicase, human ChlR1/DDX11 (Chl1 in yeast) can unwind both DNA:RNA and DNA:DNA substrates in vitro. Studies have demonstrated that ChlR1 plays a vital role in preserving genome stability by participating in DNA repair and sister chromatid cohesion, whereas the ways in which the biochemical features of ChlR1 function in DNA metabolism are not well understood. Here, we illustrate that Chl1 localizes to double-strand DNA break (DSB) sites and restrains DNA:RNA hybrid accumulation at these loci. Mutation of Chl1 strongly impairs DSB repair capacity by homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways, and deleting RNase H further reduces DNA repair efficiency, which indicates that the enzymatic activities of Chl1 are needed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In addition, we found that the Rpc37 subunit of RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) interacts directly with Chl1 and that deletion of Chl1 has no influence on the localization of Rpc37 at DSB site, implying the role of Rpc37 in the recruitment of Chl1 to this site.     

37Mn5钢管内壁鼓包缺陷分析

37Mn5钢管热轧矫直后在内管壁出现鼓包缺陷,为了查找鼓包产生原因,采用显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等设备对鼓包的形貌、微观组织、化学成分及鼓包区域的形貌等内容进行了分析。结果表明:钢管化学成分和组织正常,钢管基体和鼓包区域含有较多相同的夹杂物,夹杂物均含有Ca、O、Fe、Na、K、Mg 等元素,这些元素组成含有多种氧化物和结晶器保护渣的大尺寸复合型夹杂物。进而得知钢管的鼓包缺陷产生原因:由于钢管内存在大量此类复合夹杂物在穿管过程中和钢管基体间的接触层面脱离并逐渐萌生裂纹,裂纹在比较大的周向压力作用下向内壁凸起并形成鼓包。     

The sequence of 55 kb on the left arm of yeast chromosome XVI identifies a small nuclear RNA,a new putative protein kinase and two new putative regulators

We have sequenced and analysed a 55 786 bp fragment located on the left arm of chromosome XVI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence contains 29 non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp, among which 12 genes have previously been sequenced: OYE3, REV3, SVS1, BEM4, CDC60, KIP2, PEP4, SPK1, PAL1, KES1, SNR17B and RPL37A. Three new ORFs, P2591, P2594 and P2597 are highly homologous to the human phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator PTPA, to the pleiotropic regulator PRL1 of PP1 and PP2a protein phosphatases in plants and to the protein kinase PAR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. Three other ORFs, P2545, P2567 and P2578 have significant homology with ORFs of unknown function located on yeast chromosomes VIII, XVI and IV respectively. The sequences in nucleotides and in amino acids have been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number X96770.     

里氏木霉RL-P37尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株的构建

里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei） RL-P37作为纤维素酶高产菌,被广泛地应用在工业蛋白的生产过程.从基因水平对工业菌株进行分子改造已经成为提升工业菌株生产性状的重要手段.因此,亟需构建适用于基因敲除以及外源蛋白表达的营养缺陷型菌株,特别是可用于基因无痕敲除的尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株.本研究以潮霉素为标记,成功构建了里氏木霉RL-P37尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株,并得到Southern验证.该菌株在含有1.5 mg/mL 5-氟乳清酸、2 mg/mL尿苷的MM培养基中可以正常生长,并且在不含有尿苷的MM培养基上不能生长.此外,利用粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）的pyr4基因对该突变体进行了回补.里氏木霉RL-P37尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株的构建为该菌纤维素酶表达和分泌的机理研究以及后续产酶性能分子改造奠定了物质基础.     

Interaction of a High‐Velocity Steel Projectile with a High‐Porous Copper–Duralumin Two‐Layer Bumper

The impact of a steel sphere 2 mm in diameter flying with a velocity of 2–7.3 km/sec on a two37/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">layer bumper is considered. The first layer of the bumper is made of finely disperse copper powder with a density of 2.8 g/cm³, and the second layer is made of Duralumin. For identical impact velocities of 3–5 km/sec and identical thicknesses and areal densities of the bumpers, the two37/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">layer bumper leads to better failure of the steel projectile than the Duralumin bumper. In the case of the two37/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">layer bumper used, the maximum penetration depth of fragments into the witness plate and the number of the largest craters are smaller. The order of the bumper layers does not exert any noticeable effect on projectile failure. With the impact velocity increased to 7 km/sec, the difference in shielding properties of the bumpers almost vanishes.     

63Sn-37Pb钎料合金耦合损伤时相关理论模型

在63Sn-37Pb钎料合金单轴时相关变形和失效行为研究的基础上,提出了耦合损伤时相关循环本构模型和疲劳失效模型;在模型中,引入了损伤演化方程,考虑了时相关效应;应用该理论模型对该钎料在不同应变率、不同应变幅值、不同保持时间及其历史下的变形行为及疲劳失效行为进行了模拟,并对疲劳寿命进行了预测。结果表明:该理论模型是合理有效的。     

酸性红37光催化降解动力学的响应曲面法优化及其转化机制

为探索单偶氮染料酸性红37 在水溶液中降解的可行性及在活性氧物种作用下可能的迁移转化机制,利用光催化技术并根据中心复合实验设计原理建立了不同因素对酸性红37 光催化降解效率影响的二次回归方程,得出酸性红37光催化降解的最优条件：催化剂（P25TiO2）质量浓度为2.3 g/L,底物浓度为90μmol/L,温度为12.5 ℃,溶液初始pH值为8.7。研究结果表明：水溶液中不同阴阳离子对酸性红37 降解动力学的影响较大,其中Na+、Fe2+、Fe3+和Zn2+ 等对酸性红37 的降解具有明显的抑制作用,而Cu2+则体现了一定程度的促进作用;然而CrO42-、SO42-、ClO3-、MnO4- 和Cl- 则对其降解均体现了不同程度的抑制作用。最后利用气相色谱质谱联用仪对酸性红37的光催化降解产物进行了初步的分离并进行分析,认为光催化过程中酸性红37分子中N=N和C-N键断裂后的进一步羟基化反应是其主要的降解途径。     

Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF)

Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.

结核菌H37Ra在小鼠体内诱导的免疫应答

目的检测结核菌H37Ra免疫小鼠后产生的特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫应答水平。方法将BALB/c小鼠随机分为H37Ra组、BCG组和生理盐水(NS)组,分别进行免疫,免疫8周后处死小鼠,分离血清,ELISA间接法测定血清特异性抗PPDIgG抗体的水平,流式细胞分析仪检测脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。脾淋巴细胞经体外培养、PPD刺激后,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞的刺激指数,ELISA法检测培养上清液中IFN-γ和IL-4的水平。结果H37Ra免疫小鼠血清中抗PPDIgG抗体、脾脏CD3+T细胞和CD4+T细胞的百分率、脾淋巴细胞刺激指数、IFN-γ和IL-4水平均显著高于NS对照组,但与BCG组差异无显著意义。各组间脾脏CD8+T细胞、CD4+T/CD8+T比值差异均无显著意义。结论H37Ra免疫小鼠后,可以产生特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答,有望成为结核疫苗的候选抗原。     

Numerical optimal control of the wave equation: optimal boundary control of a string to rest in finite time

In many real-life applications of optimal control problems with constraints in form of partial differential equations (PDEs), hyperbolic equations are involved which typically describe transport processes. Since hyperbolic equations usually propagate discontinuities of initial or boundary conditions into the domain on which the solution lives or can develop discontinuities even in the presence of smooth data, problems of this type constitute a severe challenge for both theory and numerics of PDE constrained optimization.