X80级管线钢管工程应用的几个问题

在对国内外大量文献和实际管道建设情况调研分析的基础上,结合国内X80级管线钢管的研究开发和产品试制结果,对我国管道界普遍关心的X80级管线钢管工程应用中的几个问题进行了论述.结果表明,采用高压输送及选用高钢级管材可以大量节约建设成本,是天然气管道发展的重要趋势.X80级已是国际上成熟的和标准的管线钢钢级,国际上在管道设计、生产、施工和运营等方面已有成熟经验.国内经过几年的研究开发首批试制的X80级管线钢管质量指标满足要求严格的X80级管线钢管应用工程标准要求,钢管实物质量与国外同类产品处于同一水平.国际上对输送普通天然气的X80级管道的断裂控制问题已经解决,根据对X80级管道启裂韧性和止裂韧性的分析研究及管道运行安全性的分析,用减薄壁厚的X80级替代X70级是安全的,也是可行的.未来X80级管线钢管在国际上的应用将会越来越广泛.实施X80级管线钢管工程应用是十分必要的.建议在未来大口径高压输气管线中优先选用X80级管线钢管.     

Wear Resistance of CO2 Corrosion Product Scale Formed at High Temperature

 To investigate the correlation between structure characteristics and wear resistance of CO2 corrosion product scales at high temperature and high pressure, an autoclave was used to prepare CO2 corrosion product scales on N80 steel in carbon dioxide corrosion environment. The correlation between wear resistance of the scales and many other factors, such as temperature, pressure, morphology, structure, velocity of fluid medium, sand grain size, and so on, was comparatively analyzed by a self assembled wear device, and the scale morphologies before or after being worn were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). And then the surface grain size and thickness of scale were measured. The results showed that the cross section of the corrosion scale was of a double layer structure, the outer layer of which was composed of regular crystals, whereas the inner layer was a thin scale of fine grains. The outer grain size and thickness of scale varied with temperature, and the initial wear loss was consistent with the surface grain size; at the same time, the total wear loss corresponded to the thickness of scale. Compared to wear resistance in different depths of the scale, it was found that the structure of scale was a double layer structure in cross section, and the wear resistance of inner layer was better than that of the outer layer; the closer the scale to the matrix, the greater was the wear resistance of scale; and the larger the size or the higher the rotary speed of solid grain in multiphase flowing medium, the more was the wear loss of scale.     

单片机在多路混合比例发油控制系统中的应用

基于单片机的发油控制系统以80C51 F020为核心器件,再配以MODEL2201D模块与上位机通信,上位机与下位机之间的通信遵循RS485协议,单片机对流量计和电液阀进行闭环控制以达到精确发油,并且实现了多路混合比例发油.     

表面活性剂对HMX基PBX性能的影响

采用溶液-水悬浮法,以F2602为黏结剂,Span-80、Tween-80、PVA、糊精为表面活性剂,制备了HMX基PBX;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)对其进行了表征和热分析,并测试了其撞击感度。结果表明,加入表面活性剂包覆后未改变HMX的晶体结构;以Span-80为表面活性剂时包覆得到的HMX基PBX表面最光滑,包覆密实且无明显外漏现象;加入表面活性剂Span-80、Tween-80、PVA、糊精后得到的HMX基PBX的表观活化能分别为438.05、217.74、406.64、356.14kJ/mol,与未加表面活性剂的样品相比降低了35.52、255.83、66.93、117.43kJ/mol;加入Span-80的HMX基PBX热爆炸临界温度约上升1℃,表明对PBX的安定性无明显影响,撞击感度特性落高(H50)由44.9cm增加到63.2cm,提高了40.76%。     

FEM Simulation of the Hydrogen Diffusion in X80 Pipeline Steel During Stacking for Slow Cooling

The influence of temperature on the hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel during stacking for slow cooling was studied using electrochemical penetration method, the temperature field and the hydrogen diffusion in this pipeline steel during stacking for slow cooling were simulated by ABAQUS finite element method(FEM) software. The results show that in this process there is a reciprocal relationship between the natural logarithm of hydrogen diffusion coefficient and temperature. The cooling rate decreases gradually with the increase of steel plate thickness. The hydrogen content is higher at high temperature(500–400 °C) than that in low temperature region(300–100 °C). The FEM simulation results are consistent with the experimental ones, and the model can be used to predict the hydrogen diffusion behavior in industrial production of X80 pipeline steel.     

NAK80模具钢表面激光熔覆Ni基碳化钨合金涂层的组织和性能

采用激光熔覆技术,在NAK80模具钢表面制备了Ni基碳化钨合金涂层.研究了激光熔覆涂层的组织结构特点及形成规律,测试分析了其显微硬度的分布特征.结果表明:涂层与基体之间呈良好冶金结合,熔覆层组织主要由树枝晶Cr<,23>C<,6>、未熔碳化钨颗粒相、γ-Ni固溶体及少量分布于固溶体中的NiCr和CrB<,2>相组成;涂...     

GH80A组织特征及平衡相析出行为的热力学计算分析

采用高分辨扫描电镜、物理化学相分析、X射线衍射等手段对实验GH80A合金热处理态的微观组织特征进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,合金晶界分布有M7C3、M23C6两种碳化物,有效强化晶界,晶内弥散分布有γ’强化相,有效提高合金的高温强度;此外,采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件和Ni基数据库,对GH80A平衡析出相和非平衡凝固过程进行了模拟计算,并分析了合金元素Al、Ti对γ’相,C对MC、M7C3、M23C63种碳化物析出量和析出温度的影响。     

Microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance in simulated CGHAZ of X80 high-deformability pipeline steel

In this study, the microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance in 0.5M Na₂CO₃-1 M NaHCO₃ solution of X80 high-deformability (X80HD) pipeline steel coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) with several heat input levels were investigated. It is shown that the microstructure of CGHAZ changes from bainite ferrite to granular bainite as the heat input increasing. In addition, the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive film of base material are better than those of CGHAZ with several heat input levels. Too small or too big heat input is inadvisable and better corrosion resistance of CGHAZ is attained when heat input is 30kJ/cm.     

AZ80镁合金的深冷处理

研究了深冷处理对AZ80镁合金组织及力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜分析了挤压态、T4态和T4+深冷处理态试样的室温拉伸断口。试验结果表明,深冷处理能改善合金的显微组织,从而提高其力学性能。在本试验条件下,AZ80镁合金最佳深冷处理工艺为-180℃×2 h。挤压态试样室温拉伸断口为准解理断裂;T4处理后,断口形貌为具有一定塑性变形的准解理断裂;T4+深冷处理后,断口又呈现出以准解理为主的脆性断裂特征。     

热处理对AZ80镁合金结构及性能的影响

利用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了时效温度对AZ80镁合金析出相的影响,测定了析出相／基体的位向关系,分析了不同析出相的析出机理及其对合金性能的影响．实验中观察到β-Mg17Al12析出相的一种新的析出方式一颗粒状卢相沿晶界及孪晶处形核、生长．AZ80镁合金高温（310℃）时效时,析出相为连续析出,呈菱形片状或颗粒状．其中前者在晶内均匀形核生长,与基体的基面平行,对合金性能有一定强化作用;而后者分布于晶界,它的出现大大降低了合金性能．时效温度降低（〈250℃）,将出现不连续析出相,呈片层状,其片层与基体基面平行或垂直,在晶界形核并向晶内生长,随着不连续析出相的生长,将推动晶界向前移动,不连续析出相对合金的性能强化效果较大．