离子及表面活性剂对甜高粱秆渣酶解的影响

为了提高纤维素酶水解经高温液态水处理后的甜高粱秆渣的效率,探讨了多种阴离子、阳离子以及吐温80(Tween 80)对纤维素酶活力的影响,并初步探讨了Tween 80影响甜高粱秆渣酶解的机制。酶激活试验表明,Br^-、I^-、NO₃^-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Co²⁺对纤维素酶有激活作用,但对甜高粱秆渣的水解效率提高不明显。添加Tween 80发现,随着浓度的增加,它对纤维素酶的抑制作用增强,而Tween 80添加量为0.175 ml·(g甜高粱秆渣)^-1时,甜高粱秆渣的酶解效率由16.6%提高到37.9%。吸附试验表明,甜高粱秆渣对纤维素酶和Tween 80的吸附达到一定限度后不再上升,Tween 80能显著降低甜高粱秆渣对纤维素酶的吸附。红外光谱分析发现,木质素对Tween 80的吸附要强于它对纤维素酶的吸附。     

“80后”辅导员如何应对“90后”大学生的管理对策初探

当前高校学生的主体已逐步被“90”后学生所替代,高校辅导员队伍也不断注入新鲜血液,“80后”辅导员已成为这支队伍的主力,面对这些“90”后的大学生,这些“80后”辅导员如何做好学生管理工作,已经成为高校辅导员工作中亟待研究的课题。本文重点分析了“80后”辅导员的优势劣势,“90后”大学生的心理特点,并就“80后”辅导员如何提升对“90后”大学生的管理效率进行了初步探讨。     

吐温修饰脂肪酶的研究

分别用甲醛和戊二醛作为偶联剂,共价连接吐温80和猪胰脂肪酶,回收共价修饰脂肪酶,并且比较修饰酶与自然酶在性质上的差异。当甲醛和戊二醛浓度相同时,用甲醛连接的修饰酶的活力最高,而用戊二醛连接的修饰酶的氨基连接效率高。当用不同浓度的甲醛修饰时,发现浓度为1．25mg·mL的甲醛连接的修饰酶的活力最高。在碱性条件下,修饰酶比自然酶的活力高,在中性、酸性条件下,自然酶的活力高     

Modelling of long-term diffusion–reaction in a bentonite barrier for radioactive waste confinement

Bentonites have been proposed as buffer material for barriers in geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste. This material is expected to fill up by swelling the void between the canisters containing the waste and the surrounding ground. However, the bentonite barriers may be submitted to changes of humidity, temperature variation, fluid interaction, mass transport, etc. This could modify the physico-chemical performance of the barrier, mainly on the interface with the steel container and with the geological barrier. The engineered barrier development necessitates thus the study of the physico-chemical stability of its mineral component as a function of time under the conditions of the repository in the long-term.The purpose of the present study was two-fold. Firstly, it was hoped to simulate the chemical transformations (geochemical and cation exchange reactions) coupled with diffusion of chemical-elements into the engineered barrier under repository conditions by applying a thermokinetic hydrochemical code (KIRMAT: Kinetic Reactions and Mass transport).Secondly, it was hoped to apply a simplified method to estimate the swelling capacity evolution by a volume balance in the fluid-saturated engineered barrier, considering that the decay of swelling capacity is directly proportional on the volume of transformed montmorillonite and, taking into account that it may be partially compensated by the volume of neo-formed swelling clays.The system modelled herein was considered to consist of 1-m thick zone of water-saturated engineered barrier. This non-equilibrated system was placed in contact with a geological fluid on one side, which was then allowed to diffuse into the barrier, while the other side was kept in contact with a source of metallic iron. Reducing initial conditions(P_O2 0; Eh = − 200 mV) and a constant reaction temperature (100 °C) were considered.The results showed that the EB in contact with the geological fluid was highly transformed after 10,000 years, whereas the most significant chemical processes were illitization, cation exchange and saponization, extending up to 20 cm into the EB. Chemical transformations of minor importance in the EB were identified as well, such as a neo-formation of silicates (quartz, cristobalite), anhydrite, laumontite, magnetite and chlorite in the system.A simplified method based on volume balance showed that the swelling capacity of the bentonite barrier is slightly affected after 10,000 years of diffusion–reaction (D close to 1) because the volume of neo-formed swelling-clays is almost directly proportional to the volume of transformed Na/Ca-montmorillonite, except for a strong illitization and/or neo-formation of non-swelling clays. In the present study, this simple approach predicted that the decay of swelling capacity of the engineered barrier is drastically affected close to the geological barrier-engineered barrier interface. Out this zone the swelling capacity decay lies between 5% and 11%.     

基于80 C196KC单片机的Smith伺服控制器

讨论全数字伺服系统中的时间滞后，通过Smith预估控制器补偿系统中的时间滞后，提出一种应用80C196KC单片机的宽范围、高精度调速的控制方案及算法。对于非滞后系统采用Smith伺服控制器，可以简化系统、提高性能指标。     

单片机在多路混合比例发油控制系统中的应用

基于单片机的发油控制系统以80C51 F020为核心器件,再配以MODEL2201D模块与上位机通信,上位机与下位机之间的通信遵循RS485协议,单片机对流量计和电液阀进行闭环控制以达到精确发油,并且实现了多路混合比例发油.     

司盘-80辅助回流法提取红藤中的黄酮类物质

采用表面活性剂辅助回流法提取红藤中的黄酮类物质,考察了表面活性剂的种类、浓度,液料比,溶剂pH值以及回流时间等因素对红藤中黄酮类物质得率的影响,并用正交实验确定最佳工艺条件为：司盘-800．007g／mL,液料比50mL／g,溶剂pH值为6,回流时间60rain,此时红藤总黄酮的得率为19．5％。与传统水提法相比,得率提高了92．74％。     

蛋白制剂中Tween80含量检测研究

添加聚山梨醇酯80（又名Tween80）或其它表面活性剂是防止蛋白质药物制剂中蛋白聚体形成的主要手段,需要根据研发蛋白制剂的特点选择适当的准确快速测定Tween80含量的方法。综述了近年来在蛋白制剂中检测Tween80含量的研究进展情况。介绍了多种定量蛋白制剂中Tween80的方法,并比较了各方法的优缺点。尤其对于含有高浓度蛋白质的制剂样品中Tween80的定量测定,分析了不同的文献方法以及专利方法的可行性。     

The extraction of lactic acid by emulsion type of liquid membranes using alamine 336 in escaid 100

The extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions through an emulsion liquid membrane containing Alamine 336 as carrier was investigated. The influence of mixing speed, diluent type, surfactant concentration, extractant concentration, feed solution pH, stripping concentration, phase ratio, and feed concentration were examined. Liquid membrane consists of a diluent (n‐heptane, toluene, kerosene, Escaid 100, and Escaid 200), a surfactant (Span 80) and an extractant (Alamine 336), and Na₂CO₃ were used as a stripping solution. It is possible to extract 91% of lactic acid from aqueous solutions using Alamine 336 in Escaid 100, as an extractant and a diluent respectively.