Molecular Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma in Adults and Future Perspectives: A Systematic Review

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Recent appreciation of the heterogeneity amongst these tumours not only changed the WHO classification approach, but also created the need for developing novel and personalised therapies. This systematic review aims to highlight recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the GBM and discuss related novel treatment targets. A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed library was performed following the PRISMA guidelines for molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. Original and meta-analyses studies from the last ten years were reviewed using pre-determined search terms. The results included articles relevant to GBM development focusing on the aberrancy in cell signaling pathways and intracellular events. Theragnostic targets and vaccination to treat GBM were also explored. The molecular pathophysiology of GBM is complex. Our systematic review suggests targeting therapy at the stemness, p53 mediated pathways and immune modulation. Exciting novel immune therapy involving dendritic cell vaccines, B-cell vaccines and viral vectors may be the future of treating GBM.     

Sirtuin 7 Deficiency Reduces Inflammation and Tubular Damage Induced by an Episode of Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health problem worldwide. Sirtuins are a family of seven NAD+-dependent deacylases, Overexpression of Sirtuin 1, 3, and 5 protect against AKI. However, the role of Sirtuin 7 (Sirt7) in AKI is not known. Here, we analyzed how Sirt7 deficient mice (KO-Sirt7) were affected by AKI. As expected, wild-type and Sirt7 heterozygotes mice that underwent renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) exhibited the characteristic hallmarks of AKI: renal dysfunction, tubular damage, albuminuria, increased oxidative stress, and renal inflammation. In contrast, the KO-Sirt7+IR mice were protected from AKI, exhibiting lesser albuminuria and reduction in urinary biomarkers of tubular damage, despite similar renal dysfunction. The renoprotection in the Sirt7-KO+IR group was associated with reduced kidney weight, minor expression of inflammatory cytokines and less renal infiltration of inflammatory cells. This anti-inflammatory effect was related to diminished p65 expression and in its active phosphorylation, as well as by a reduction in p65 nuclear translocation. Sirt7 deficient mice are protected from AKI, suggesting that this histone deacetylase promotes tubular damage and renal inflammation. Therefore, our findings indicate that Sirt7 inhibitors may be an attractive therapeutic target to reduce NFκB signaling.     

The Pathogenesis of Cardiac Fibrosis: A Review of Recent Progress

Fibrosis is defined as the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the interstitium. It is an essential pathological response to chronic inflammation. ECM protein deposition is initially protective and is critical for wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, pathological cardiac remodeling in excessive and continuous tissue damage with subsequent ECM deposition results in a distorted organ architecture and significantly impacts cardiac function. In this review, we summarized and discussed the histologic features of cardiac fibrosis with the signaling factors that control it. We evaluated the origin and characteristic markers of cardiac fibroblasts. We also discussed lymphatic vessels, which have become more important in recent years to improve cardiac fibrosis.     

橄榄苦苷改善db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏转录组学及生物信息学分析

通过转录组学及其生物信息学分析,研究了橄榄苦苷缓解db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏差异表达基因及相关信号通路。结果发现与db/db对照组相比,橄榄苦苷处理组的539个基因发生显著变化,其中450个基因显著上调,89个基因显著下调。将上调和下调的差异表达基因在基因本体论数据库中注释,这些差异表达基因主要在细胞过程、细胞部分和结合中分布。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析结果显示上调的差异表达基因主要富集在磷酸肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路途径,该通路共涉及27个差异表达基因;下调的差异表达基因主要富集在花生四烯酸代谢和真核生物中核糖体的生物发生信号通路途径,分别涉及4个差异表达基因。本研究为进一步阐明橄榄苦苷缓解2型糖尿病的分子机制奠定了基础。     

基于手机大数据的动态人口感知

随着通信市场迅速发展和手机的高普及率,利用手机数据研究人类活动和城市规划发展成为可能.本文主要工作是构建了大数据实时处理分析平台,并基于此平台提出了一种利用手机数据感知城市人口分布的方法.通过实验表明,基于手机数据的动态人口感知能够反映实际城市人口分布,对于城市交通监管、公共资源配置优化等方面具有重要意义.     

萝卜硫素介导Akt/p70S6K信号传导诱导人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞凋亡

目的:研究萝卜硫素对人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其对Akt/p70S6K信号传导的作用。方法:采用CCK-8实验分析萝卜硫素对CNE-2细胞生长增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测萝卜硫素对CNE-2细胞凋亡率及细胞周期分布的影响,Western blot技术检测CNE-2细胞中调控细胞周期的相关蛋白及Akt/p70S6K信号通路关键蛋白的表达水平。结果:采用萝卜硫素干预CNE-2细胞后,细胞增殖抑制率及凋亡率相对于对照组呈浓度依赖的方式显著增高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;流式细胞仪分析提示,萝卜硫素干预能够将细胞停留在S期及G2/M期,并且萝卜硫素还能抑制细胞周期蛋白Cyclin A、Cyclin B、Cyclin D、Cyclin E以及CDK/p34的表达水平,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外,萝卜硫素还能抑制Akt/p70S6K信号通路关键蛋白p-Akt及p70S6K蛋白表达水平（P<0.05）,但萝卜硫素与Akt激动剂IGF-I共同处理细胞后,上述蛋白表达量与对照组相比没有统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论:萝卜硫素可能通过干扰CNE-2细胞中Akt/p70S6K信号传导而发挥有效的抗增殖及促凋亡的作用。     

植物花青素通过JNK信号通路抗肿瘤机制研究进展

文章综述了JNK信号通路的组成及活化机制,总结了植物花青素通过该信号通路抑制乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌等恶性肿瘤发生、增殖、侵袭和凋亡的能力,以期为植物花青素应用于功能食品和药品的开发提供依据。     

动物双歧杆菌乳亚种XLTG11对克林霉素诱导的抗生素相关性腹泻的改善作用

目的：通过克林霉素诱导抗生素相关性腹泻(antibiotic-associated diarrhea,AAD)模型,探究动物双歧杆菌乳亚种XLTG11缓解小鼠AAD的作用。方法：将48只6周龄C57BL/6N雄鼠随机分为4组：对照组、模型组、低剂量组和高剂量组,除对照组外,各组小鼠连续14 d灌胃克林霉素(250 mg/(kg m_b·d))诱导AAD模型,然后低剂量组和高剂量组灌胃不同剂量(0.2 mL,5×10⁶、1×10⁷ CFU)动物双歧杆菌乳亚种XLTG11,测定小鼠体质量增长量、盲肠质量、粪便含水量和粪便稠度,测定结肠肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)、IL-1β、IL-10水平,血清脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)和D-乳酸质量浓度,测定肠道菌群组成及短链脂肪酸含量,以及肠道屏障和核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路相关基因表达水平。结果：高剂量动物双歧杆菌乳亚种XLTG11显著提高AAD模型小鼠的体质量增长量和...     

超奈奎斯特传输技术:现状与挑战

超奈奎斯特传输技术作为一种非正交传输技术,近年来受到了广泛的关注.不同于传统的正交传输信号,超奈奎斯特信号的符号传输速率因为超过了奈奎斯特无码间串扰速率而带来了不可避免的符号间干扰,然而这一传输方式也被证明可以带来更高的信道容量.因此超奈奎斯特技术成为了一种具有高频谱利用率的新型传输方法,也为带宽受限的通信场景带来了新的解决方案,并且其在卫星信道以及第五代移动通信的回程链路中的应用成为了研究热点.本文对超奈奎斯特传输的概念与原理、容量计算、实现方式、检测方法以及性能与应用做了详细的总结并对其目前的技术难点进行了讨论.