用酿酒酵母测定直接耐晒宝石蓝的急性毒性

本文的目的是建立直接耐晒宝石蓝的急性毒性微量快速分析方法。通过用基于电阻法细胞计数原理的手持式细胞计数器测定由密度约为1.0×104细胞/ml的酿酒酵母悬液20μl和系列浓度待测染料溶液130μl与2.2倍YPD液体培养基110μl所组成的体系在30℃、150 r/min恒温摇床上震荡培养6 h后的细胞数目,求算出该染料的EC50。结果显示直接耐晒宝石蓝对酿酒酵母的EC50为4995 mg/l,与文献报道的小鼠经口LC50=5 g/kg一致。表明本法可作为传统急性毒性测定的替代方法。     

急性放射损伤小鼠血清蛋白质组分析

为寻找急性放射病早期诊断指标和新的治疗靶点，探讨辐射损伤的发病机理，采用蛋白质组学的双向电泳和蛋白质氨基酸序列分析技术研究了8Gy γ射线照射后24h小鼠血清蛋白质的变化，鉴定有差异的蛋白质，并用蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)方法进行验证。结果显示，双向电泳发现8Gy照射后24h小鼠血清有一显著变化蛋白点，分子量约为15ku，经氨基酸序列分析发现为结合珠蛋白(Haptoglobin，Hp)的α亚单位。Western blotting方法进一步验证了双向电泳的结果。结果表明，经8Gy γ射线照射后24h小鼠血清中结合珠蛋白发生显著增加，可能在辐射损伤中发挥着一定的作用，此结果为探索急性放射损伤的发病机理提供了新的线索。     

Closed-loop control of extracorporeal oxygen and carbon dioxide gas transfer

Additional extracorporeal gas transfer facilitates ultra-protective mechanical ventilation during treatment of severe lung disease. The proposed automation contributes to both patient safety and therapeutic success. A decentralized control system set the oxygen and carbon dioxide gas transfer rates. The controlled variables are estimated using standard measurement devices without direct blood contact. To reduce patient stress, an outer-loop integral controller adjusts the extracorporeal blood flow. The control system was first evaluated in silico and then in vivo using an animal model. Finally, the method is shown to be feasible and its response time is sufficient to meet patients' clinical needs.     

Analysis of chemical compounds and toxicological evaluation of Forsythia suspensa leaves tea

To determine the compositions of Forsythia suspensa leaves tea (FSLT) and its safety, the chemical compounds were analysed with some methods, and the toxicity was evaluated in Kunming mice and Wistar rats. The results showed that FSLT contained rich flavonoid, lignans, triperpene acids, amino acids, and mineral elements. In the acute toxicity study, none of the mice died, and no obvious poisoning symptoms were observed after 14 days in mice at the dose of 15 mg/g·body weight (bw) FSLT; in the sub-chronic toxicity, no abnormal or dead rat was found at the dose of 1, 3, and 10 mg/g·bw during 90 days feeding administration; there was no significant difference in bw and food consumption; no significant differences were found in each hematology and serum biochemistry parameter and organ/body weight ratio comparing with the control experimental group. The results revealed that the FSLT has low or no toxicity via oral administration. Therefore, FSLT is very suitable and safe to be used as a new resource food.     

Hydrolysed collagen from Lates calcarifer skin: its acute toxicity and impact on cell proliferation and collagen production of fibroblasts

Acute toxicity in Wistar rat and the impact of hydrolysed collagen (HC) from seabass skin on in vitro cell proliferation and collagen production were studied using L929 fibroblasts. HC was rich in glycine (326 residue/1000 residue) and imino acids (196 residue/1000 residue). MALDI mass spectrum of HC showed several low MW peptides with MW range of 1050–1330 Da as the major components. Based on acute oral cytotoxicity test in Wistar rat, HC was considered as safe with LD₅₀ value higher than 5000 mg kg^?1 body. HC could promote L929 cell growth, especially when used in combination with vitamin C (VitC) at a ratio of 2:1. HC/VitC (2:1) mixture also exhibited the higher enhancement effect on collagen production of L929 cells, compared with HC or VitC alone. Thus, HC could be a promising candidate for biological applications, especially in combination with VitC, as nutraceuticals for skin care.     

CD34⁺ CD38^- subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 is responsible for LSC and correlated with imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is regarded as a stem cell disease. However, no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells (LSC) but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). CD34⁺ CD38- with or without CD123 or CD44 subpopulations are immunophenotypically defined as putative LSC fractions in AML. Nevertheless, markers that can be effectively and simply held responsible for the intrinsical heterogeneity of LSC is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the frequency of three different LSC subtypes (CD34⁺ CD38^-, CD34⁺ CD38^- CD123⁺ , CD34⁺ CD38^- CD44⁺ ) in AML at diagnosis. We then validated their prognostic significance on the relevance of spectral features for diagnostic stratification, immune status, induction therapy response, treatment effect maintenance, and long-term survival. In our findings, high proportions of the above three different LSC subtypes were all significantly characterized with low complete remission (CR) rate, high relapse/refractory rate, poor overall survival (OS), frequent FLT3-ITD mutation, the high level of regulatory T cells (Treg) and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC). However, there was no significant statistical difference in all kinds of other clinical performance among the three different LSC groups. It was demonstrated that CD34⁺ CD38^- subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 might be held responsible for LSC and correlated with an imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML.     

临床护理路径在脑出血患者护理中的应用

目的 探讨临床护理路径在脑出血患者中的应用价值.方法 选取120例脑出血患者为研究对象,将其按不同的护理方法分为2组.观察组（n=60）采用临床护理路径进行护理,对照组（n=60）采用传统的护理模式进行护理,观察2组患者对护理的满意度及相关临床指标.结果 观察组在技术质量安全、服务及时、健康教育、人文关怀、服务态度、出入院教育等方面满意度明显优于对照组（P＜0.01）;观察组患者住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率均明显少于对照组（P＜0.01）;出院后3个月观察组FIM评分和Fugl-Meyer评分明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论 临床护理路径在脑出血护理中是一种有效的护理模式,可以有效提高患者满意度和临床疗效.     

Quantification of structural changes in acute inflammation by fractal dimension,angular second moment and correlation

The aim of the study was to examine alteration and possible application of fractal dimension, angular second moment, and correlation for quantification of structural changes in acutely inflamed tissue. Acute inflammation was induced by injection of turpentine oil into the right and left hind limb muscles of mice, whereas control animals received intramuscular saline injection. After 12 h, animals were anesthetised and treated muscles collected. The tissue was stained by hematoxylin and eosin, digital micrographs produced, enabling determination of fractal dimension of the cells, angular second moment and correlation of studied tissue. Histopathological analysis showed presence of inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage in inflammatory group, whereas tissue structure in control group was preserved, devoid of inflammatory infiltrate. Fractal dimension of the cells, angular second moment and correlation of treated tissue in inflammatory group decreased in comparison to the control group. In this study, we were first to observe and report that fractal dimension of the cells, angular second moment, and correlation were reduced in acutely inflamed tissue, indicating loss of overall complexity of the cells in the tissue, the tissue uniformity and structure regularity. Fractal dimension, angular second moment and correlation could be useful methods for quantification of structural changes in acute inflammation.     

Resveratrol Attenuates Acute Inflammatory Injury in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats via Inhibition of TLR4 Pathway

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been proven to play a critical role in neuroinflammation and to represent an important therapeutic target following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Resveratrol (RSV), a natural occurring polyphenolic compound, has a powerful anti-inflammatory property. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of RSV in protecting against early brain injury (EBI) after SAH remain obscure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of RSV on the TLR4-related inflammatory signaling pathway and EBI in rats after SAH. A prechiasmatic cistern SAH model was used in our experiment. The expressions of TLR4, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expressions of Iba-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain cortex were determined by Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neural apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological function were further evaluated to investigate the development of EBI. We found that post-SAH treatment with RSV could markedly inhibit the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, MyD88, and NF-κB. Meanwhile, RSV significantly reduced microglia activation, as well as inflammatory cytokines leading to the amelioration of neural apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological behavior impairment at 24 h after SAH. However, RSV treatment failed to alleviate brain edema and neurological deficits at 72 h after SAH. These results indicated that RSV treatment could alleviate EBI after SAH, at least in part, via inhibition of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway.     

Neuroelectric Mechanisms of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains a challenging but very important condition, because DCI is preventable and treatable for improving functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The pathologies underlying DCI are multifactorial. Classical approaches to DCI focus exclusively on preventing and treating the reduction of blood flow supply. However, recently, glutamate-mediated neuroelectric disruptions, such as excitotoxicity, cortical spreading depolarization and seizures, and epileptiform discharges, have been reported to occur in high frequencies in association with DCI development after SAH. Each of the neuroelectric disruptions can trigger the other, which augments metabolic demand. If increased metabolic demand exceeds the impaired blood supply, the mismatch leads to relative ischemia, resulting in DCI. The neuroelectric disruption also induces inverted vasoconstrictive neurovascular coupling in compromised brain tissues after SAH, causing DCI. Although glutamates and the receptors may play central roles in the development of excitotoxicity, cortical spreading ischemia and epileptic activity-related events, more studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiology and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for preventing or treating neuroelectric disruption-related DCI after SAH. This article reviews the recent advancement in research on neuroelectric disruption after SAH.