气动柔性扭转关节静态模型

基于气动柔性驱动器(Flexible pneumatic actuator, FPA)研制一种气动柔性扭转关节,该关节主要由两个弧形的FPA组成,向这两个FPA充入压缩气体,关节转过一定的角度。分析扭转关节中FPA壁厚变化规律,对单个FPA的自由端进行力矩平衡分析,建立该关节的静态模型,构建试验系统对气动柔性扭转关节进行压力转角关系试验。试验结果与仿真曲线存在一定误差,分析影响扭转关节静态模型准确性的因素,并根据试验结果对扭转关节的数学模型进行修正,得到的修正模型能够较好地描述关节的充气过程和放气过程。     

株洲体育中心超大跨度伸臂管桁架结构设计

介绍了某超大跨度伸臂立体管桁架结构的风洞试验、方案论证、结构计算分析、节点承载力验算、支座节点承载力验算和试验等。该结构建成后一段时期的正常使用表明,工程的主体桁架和下部承力结构具备较强的承载变形能力和可靠的安全度,满足设计规范和实际使用要求。     

钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱空间受力性能试验研究

进行了钢管混凝土哑铃形拱的面外受力性能试验,与钢管混凝土单圆管拱的面外试验进行了对比,采用经试验验证的有限元模型进行了面外极限承载力的参数分析。研究结果表明：模型拱面内以受压为主,而面外则是以跨中受面外弯矩为主,模型拱最后发生了整体面外失稳破坏,破坏时在跨中与拱脚截面材料进入塑性;模型拱的受力状态中,面外弯矩所占比重最大,约为71%~78%;其面外极限承载力小于面内极限承载力,下降的幅度与面内外荷载比、面外刚度以及截面类型有关;腹腔高度和宽度的增大引起哑铃形截面刚度和极限承载力增大,腹腔高度增大33%或宽度增大50%,模型拱的面外承载力增加约11%~17%或10%~14%;钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱面外承载力计算方法的构筑中面外抗弯刚度是决定性参数,同时要综合考虑面内抗弯刚度和抗扭刚度的影响;而分支屈曲荷载与极限承载力的比值分析表明,实际工程中钢管混凝土哑铃形截面拱面外屈曲系数大于4是有安全保障的。     

From AKI to CKD: Maladaptive Repair and the Underlying Mechanisms

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a pathological condition in which the glomerular filtration rate decreases rapidly over a short period of time, resulting in changes in the physiological function and tissue structure of the kidney. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that there is an inseparable relationship between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD). With the progress in research in this area, researchers have found that the recovery of AKI may also result in the occurrence of CKD due to its own maladaptation and other potential mechanisms, which involve endothelial cell injury, inflammatory reactions, progression to fibrosis and other pathways that promote the progress of the disease. Based on these findings, this review summarizes the occurrence and potential mechanisms of maladaptive repair in the progression of AKI to CKD and explores possible treatment strategies in this process so as to provide a reference for the inhibition of the progression of AKI to CKD.     

Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19

The serious clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI), worsening prognosis and increasing mortality. AKI in COVID-19 is above all a consequence of systemic dysregulations leading to inflammation, thrombosis, vascular endothelial damage and necrosis. All these processes rely on the interactions between innate immunity elements, including circulating blood cells, resident renal cells, their cytokine products, complement systems, coagulation cascades and contact systems. Numerous simultaneous pathways of innate immunity should secure an effective host defense. Since they all form a network of cross-linked auto-amplification loops, uncontrolled activation is possible. When the actions of selected pathways amplify, cascade activation evades control and the propagation of inflammation and necrosis worsens, accompanied by complement overactivity and immunothrombosis. The systemic activation of innate immunity reaches the kidney, where the damage affecting single tubular cells spreads through tissue collateral damage and triggers AKI. This review is an attempt to synthetize the connections between innate immunity components engaged in COVID-19-related AKI and to summarize the knowledge on the pathophysiological background of processes responsible for renal damage.     

锚网索钢筋梁联合支护在过大断层机巷中的应用

通过在6138机巷采用锚网索钢筋梁联合支护技术过大断层的实例,对锚网支护存在问题、锚杆(索)支护参数确定、锚杆(索)钢筋梁联合支护施工要求及应用效果等四个方面作了分析介绍.     

Towards Precision Medicine for Osteoarthritis: Focus on the Synovial Fluid Proteome

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease that most affects old age. The study of proteomics in synovial fluid (SF) has the task of providing additional elements to diagnose and predict the progress of OA. This review aims to identify the most significant biomarkers in the study of OA and to stimulate their routine use. Some of the major components of the ECM, such as proteoglycan aggrecan and decorin, were found considerably reduced in OA. Some biomarkers have proved useful for staging the temporality of OA: Periostin was found to be increased in early OA, while CRTA1 and MMPs were found to be increased in late OA. In its natural attempt at tissue regeneration, Collagen III was found to be increased in early OA while decreased in late OA. Some molecules studied in other areas, such as ZHX3 (oncological marker), LYVE1, and VEGF (lymph and angiogenesis markers), also have been found to be altered in OA. It also has been recorded that alteration of the hormonal pathway, using a dosage of PPAR-γ and RETN, can influence the evolution of OA. IL-1, one of the most investigated biomarkers in OA-SF, is not as reliable as a target of OA in recent studies. The study of biomarkers in SF appears to be, in combination with the clinical and radiological aspects, an additional weapon to address the diagnosis and staging of OA. Therefore, it can guide us more appropriately towards the indication of arthroplasty in patients with OA.     

各向异性柔性粘结NdFeB磁体的研制

通过不同的工艺路线制备了各向异性柔性黏结NdFeB磁体,并且分析了影响各向异性柔性黏结NdFeB磁体的因素。试验结果表明,通过溶解造粒和脉冲磁化以及磁场压延等工艺能够显著提高磁体的磁性能。     

Scattered Tubular Cells Markers in Macula Densa of Normal Human Adult Kidney

Background: The scattered tubular cells (STCs) are a population of resident progenitor tubular cells with expansion, self-renewal and epithelial differentiation abilities. Although these cells are localized within the proximal (PTs) and distal (DTs) tubules in a normal adult kidney, their presence has never been demonstrated in human macula densa (MD). The purpose of the present study is to describe the presence of STCs in MD using specific markers such as prominin-1 (CD133), cytokeratin 7 (KRT7) and vimentin (VIM). Methods: We analyzed two sets of three consecutive serial sections for each sample. The first sections of each set were immunostained for nNOS to identify MD, the second sections were immune-stained for CD133 (specific STCs marker) while the third sections were analyzed for KRT7 (another STCs specific marker) and VIM (that stains the basal pole of the STCs) in the first and second sets, respectively, in order to study the co-expression of KRT7 and VIM with the CD133 marker. Results: CD133 was localized in some MD cells and in the adjacent DT cells. Moreover, CD133 was detected in the parietal epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule and in some proximal tubules (PT). KRT7-positive cells were identified in MD and adjacent DT cells, while KRT7 positivity was mostly confined in both DT and collecting ducts (CD) in the other areas of the renal parenchyma. CD133 and KRT7 were co-expressed in some MD and adjacent DT cells. Some of the latter cells were positive both for CD133 and VIM. CD133 was always localized in the apical part of the cells, whereas the VIM expression was evident only in the cellular basal pole. Although some cells of MD expressed VIM or CD133, none of them co-expressed VIM and CD133. Conclusions: The presence of STCs was demonstrated in human adult MD, suggesting that this structure has expansion, self-renewal and epithelial differentiation abilities, similar to all other parts of renal tubules.