新《食品安全法》对《农产品质量安全法》修订的启示

2006年我国颁布的《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》已经运行了9 a的时间,其作为各级部门开展食用农产品质量安全监管工作重要的指导性法规,对提高我国食用农产品质量安全水平发挥了巨大的引领和推动作用。然而,农产品质量安全的形势变化、监管机构的改革调整,均使得现行《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》面临诸多问题,迫切需要展开修订工作。2015年4月刚刚完成修订工作的《中华人民共和国食品安全法》对旧法作了与时俱进的修改和补充,成为修订《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》的重要参考依据。本文在梳理《中华人民共和国食品安全法》相关内容的基础上,重点从《中华人民共和国食品安全法》的立法原则、制度设计、机制创新等角度展开深入研究,并提出了对《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》修订的三点启示与建议。     

Potential biomass supply for agro-pellet production from agricultural crop residue in Nepal

Nepal, a country rich in biomass, still does not have any commercial pellet production plants and is wasting large amounts of agricultural crop residue. The current study showed that about 5.61 million tonnes (Mt) of biomass in the form of pellets are potentially available from agricultural crop residues. The brick and cement industries could use these agro-pellets. Co-firing of pellets in such industries could play an important role in reducing the import volume of coal and minimize the related environmental loadings.     

中日农产品贸易实证分析

文章通过分析2005-2014年中日两国农产品贸易数据, 说明了中日农产品贸易的特点, 分析了中日农产品贸易的出口强度、产业内贸易以及显性比较优势, 得出了中日双边主要农产品出口强度大, 两国互为重要农产品出口市场;农产品以产业间贸易为主, 产业内贸易互补性不强;中日两国分别在劳动密集型、资本与技术密集型农产品出口方面具有显性比较优势等结论。     

A two-stage modelling and optimization of biohydrogen production from a mixture of agro-municipal waste

A two-stage modelling and optimization of biohydrogen production is reported. A mixture design was used to determine the optimum proportions of bean husk (BH), corn stalk (CS), and organic fraction of solid municipal waste (OFSMW). The optimum operational setpoints for substrate concentration, pH, temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were further investigated using the box-behnken design. The quadratic polynomial model from the mixture design had a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9427 and the optimized mixtures were in the ratio of OFSMW:BH:CS = 30:0:0 and OFSMW:BH:CS = 15:15:0 with yields of 56.47 ml H₂/g TVS and 41.16 ml H₂/g TVS respectively. Optimization on physico-chemical process parameters on the improved substrate gave the setpoints of 40.45 g/l, 7.9, 30.29 °C, 86.28 h for substrate concentration, pH, temperature and HRT respectively having a predicted H₂ yield of 57.73 ml H₂/g TVS. Model validation gave 58.62 ml H₂/g TVS, thus an improvement of 3.8% on the optimized mixture. Biohydrogen production can be significantly enhanced by a suitable mixture of agro-municipal waste and operational optimal setpoints.     

Specific inhibition of biohydrogen-producing Clostridium sp. after dilute-acid pretreatment of sunflower stalks

Dilute-acid pretreatments are commonly used to solubilize holocelluloses of lignocellulosic materials and represent a promising route to enhance biohydrogen production by dark fermentation. Besides the soluble sugars released, furan derivatives, such as furfural and 5-HMF, as well as phenolic compounds can accumulate in dilute-acid hydrolyzates and that may affect fermentative microbial populations. In this study, biohydrogen production from glucose (5 g VS L⁻¹) in batch tests was investigated in presence of increasing volumes (0% – control, 3.75%, 7.5%, 15% and 35% (v/v)) of dilute acid hydrolyzate generated from sunflower stalks (170 °C, 1 h, 4 g HCl/100 gTS). A sharp decrease of the hydrogen yield was observed from 2.04 mol H₂ mol⁻¹_{eq. hexose initial} in the control to 0 mol H₂ mol⁻¹_{eq. hexose initial} for volumes higher than 15% of added hydrolyzate. Although acetate and butyrate were the main end-products found in the control, ethanol and lactate accumulated accordingly with the increasing addition of hydrolyzate. A clear shift of dominant microbial populations from Clostridium sp. to Sporolactobacillus sp. was concomitantly observed, suggesting a specific inhibition of the biohydrogen-producing bacteria by adding increasing volumes of hydrolyzates.     

维系与拓展——记南京江心生态农业园规划设计

文章总结作者自身工程设计实践,将生态农业园整个设计过程从规划到建筑到结构进行呈现。同时结合城市发展方向对园区做空间形态上的维系和拓展,园区建筑在强调采用钢木建筑利用的同时对结构承力构件进行暴露和扩大,以便形成一种设计方法和设计风格。     

依据新农村建设战略，完善现代农业园区规划

现代农业园区在我国有二十多年的探索实践,刚刚从自由式走向规范化发展,但是其规划理论很不完善,并存在较多的实际问题和认识误区。结合设计实例总结现代农业园区规划经验与教训,分析规划问题与误区,最后依据新农村建设战略思想,提出新时期的规划应对策略。     

农业推广硕士专业学位研究生培养研究

农业推广硕士是与农业相关领域任职资格相联系的专业学位,通过对农业推广硕士教育、培养中存在问题的分析,结合该专业学位教育的特点,提出了相应的探索建议,即拓宽生源渠道、提高生源质量、教学方式多样化、加强双导师队伍建设等。     

基于POE的寒地大学校园交往空间改造研究——以东北农业大学为例

使用状况评价（POE）是系统描述和评价建成环境的实证性研究方法,它针对空间的使用效率,为校园交往空间规划提供科学依据。通过POE研究,对寒冷地区大学校园交往空间使用情况分析评价,以便有效地提高交往空间冬季使用效率。该文以东北农业大学校园交往空间为例,针对冬季空间功能、使用情况、利用频率等方面做系统PoE分析,提出针对性的改建对策。     

Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US

In urban agriculture, there is a direct connection between scarcity and abundance: with the threat of food shortages so often acting as an effective trigger for food-growing enterprises. Produce can also be grown with few or limited resources. André Viljoen and Katrin Bohn of Bohn&Viljoen Architects juxtapose the experience of the organopónicos, or market gardens, in Cuba, which have proliferated since the US trade blockade of the 1990s and ensuing fuel shortages, and more recent experiments in food production in North American cities that are learning from their example.