Coupling System for Food Wastes Anaerobic Digestion and Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production with Ralstonia eutropha

A new technology was developed to couple the anaerobic digestion of food wastes with production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic acids were produced during food wastes anaerobic digestion and their concentrations reached 5.5, 1.8, 27.4 and 32.7 g/L, respectively under appropriate digestion conditions. The fermentative acids were transferred through a dialysis membrane to an air-lift reactor for PHA synthesis by Ralstonia eutropha. Dry cell concentration and PHA content reached 22.7 g/L and 72.6%, respectively. The obtained PHA was a copolymer of b-hydroxybutyrate (HB) and b-hydroxyvalerate (HV) with 2.8% (mole ratio) of HV units in polymer.     

燃煤固硫技术在工业危险废物焚烧中的应用

燃煤固硫理论应用于工业危险废弃物的焚烧，以减少尾气排放中有害物质SO2的含量。     

Among-site variability in environmental and management characteristics: Effect on nutrient loss in agricultural tile drainage

Water quality issues, including harmful and nuisance algal blooms (HNABs), related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exported from agricultural lands persist in the Great Lakes region. Previous work examining N and P loss from agricultural fields in portions of the United States (US) and Canada (CA) that drain into Lake Erie, consistently indicate significant nutrient loss from fields in Indiana and Ohio, US compared with those in southwestern Ontario, CA. The primary objective of this study was to examine variation in environmental and management characteristics from 30 sites (US: n = 28, CA: n = 2) located within the Lake Erie Basin and subsequently determine the influence of among-site variation on edge-of-field N and P losses. Using principal component analyses (PCA), we found that among-site variation was predominantly controlled by broad-scale patterns in fertilizer management practices and soil properties; however, N and P loss metrics were largely unexplained by these gradients. As such, fine-scale variability and the interaction of environmental and management characteristics at individual sites more strongly influenced N and P loss. Ultimately, these results further emphasize the importance of site- and nutrient-specific management plans that are needed to mitigate N and P losses from agricultural fields.     

浅议影响产业劳动生产率的因素及“三化”协调发展

本文将劳动生产率增长理论和实证分析运用于工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的协调发展,计算和分析了提高劳动生产率的三大要素对不同产业在不同的历史时期对产出的贡献率。“三化”的不协调主要体现在国民经济一、二、三产业劳动生产率差别太大,这也是二元经济社会结构的根源。要达到“三化”协调发展,只有逐步缩小三大产业劳动生产率的差别,最终达到基本均衡状态,才能消除二元经济社会结枸。     

赤泥粉煤灰免烧砖工艺配方研究

利用铝厂赤泥、自备电厂粉煤灰为主要原料研制了免烧砖。自然养护的赤泥免烧砖28d达到了非烧结鲁通粘土砖标准JC／T 422—1991（1996）中15级要求。实验结果表明，各原料的最佳配比总结为：赤泥，25％～40％；粉煤灰，18％～28％；骨料，30％～35％；石灰，8％～10％；石膏，2％～3％；水泥，1％。赤泥粉煤灰免烧砖有望成为粘土烧结砖的替代产品。     

农业海量信息资源管理平台设计与实现

随着农业信息化的深入,如何描述、存储、管理和处理海量分布信息资源成为农业应用的首要问题。提出基于XML/XML Schema的统一农业信息资源描述框架,将XML描述与元数据约束相结合,采用层次化管理结构实现元数据与资源信息的组织;在HDFS(Hadoop Distributed File System)云存储架构适应性改进基础之上,设计实现了农业海量信息资源管理平台,实现了海量、分布、异构资源的分类组织、存储和访问服务。平台覆盖了全国6个省市资源节点,实现了3.2 TB农业资源存储管理,与传统资源检索方法相比,平台资源检索时间缩短73%;同时,用户在同一检索条件下能更多地获得相关资源,不仅查准率平均提高5%,而且资源利用率平均提高17.7%。平台在海量资源检索和利用效率方面获得提升。     

Monitoring agricultural drought for arid and humid regions using multi-sensor remote sensing data

While existing remote sensing-based drought indices have characterized drought conditions in arid regions successfully, their use in humid regions is limited. We propose a new remote sensing-based drought index, the Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI), for agricultural drought monitoring in both arid and humid regions using multi-sensor data. This index combines the land surface temperature (LST) data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, and precipitation data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Each variable was scaled from 0 to 1 to discriminate the effect of drought from normal conditions, and then combined with the selected weights. When tested against in-situ Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer's Z-Index (Z-Index), 3-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and 6-month SPI data during a ten-year (2000-2009) period, SDCI performed better than existing indices such as NDVI and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) in the arid region of Arizona and New Mexico as well as in the humid region of North Carolina and South Carolina. The year-to-year changes and spatial distributions of SDCI over both arid and humid regions generally agreed to the changes documented by the United States Drought Monitor (USDM) maps.     

空间分析技术和图论树算法在农业区划中的应用

地域分异规律是区划研究的理论依据,而进行区划的技术关键是如何根据空间相似性实现其合理分割,该研究以地理信息系统的空间数据采集,分析工具为支撑,利用ＧＩＳ的空间邻接分析与图论的树算法相结合的方法对浙江省龙游县农业分区进行了研究,利用该方法建立的自动分区模,运行效率高,且分区结果与当地实际较为符合。     

农业专家系统在农业高校和京郊农村的发展

农业专家系统是一项在信息技术中结合农业特点发展起来的高新技术。它对于提高广大农业人员的科技文化素质,提升农业科技自主创新能力,实现农业生产的跨越发展具有特别重要的作用。高等农业院校和广大农村又是农业专家和农业知识高度密集的地方,更应该使农业专家系统拥有广阔的用武之地。