论鄱阳湖生态经济区农业产业化经营背景下农村职业教育的发展

《鄱阳湖生态经济区规划》是2009年12月国务院批准的国家区域性战略规划。《规划》中特别指出,要积极推进农业产业化经营以及大力发展职业技术教育。本文从教育功能的角度,阐述＂农村职业教育发展＂与＂推进鄱阳湖生态经济区农业产业化经营＂二者的相互关系。鄱阳湖生态经济区建设离不开农村职业教育的可持续发展。     

Injuries and the 'poor' worker

It is commonly assumed that occupational injuries are less of a problem in developing countries because there is less industrialization. Spot studies reveal, however, that injuries are a serious problem among miners, agricultural workers, and industrial workers in most countries

Each nation differs greatly in its level of industrialization, laws, working conditions, and range of products. Those with lower per capita incomes and lower levels of industrialization are likely to have more decentralized production which is less likely to be controlled effectively. Workers in developing countries are more likely to be injured; injuries are more likely to be disabling; and rehabilitation services more likely to be unavailable. Workers' transiency makes it more difficult for them to appreciate hazards which operate over long periods. Finally, workers' social status and level of organization in many cases greatly reduces their power to promote change

In this paper, an attempt is made to understand which experiences of the rich industrialized nations are valid for other nations and what new research needs to be done.     

我国农产品物流存在的问题与发展对策

伴随农业经济的快速发展,我国农产品物流规模急剧扩大。在快速增长的过程中,我国农产品物流存在着体制不完善、决策不科学、技术水平低和地域差异大等问题,需要通过制定发展规划、提高技术水平、树立现代物流观念等措施来促进我国农产品物流的发展。     

吉林省农产品包装发展阶段初探

吉林省农产品包装伴随着农产品的商业化、产业化、品牌化进程而发展,大体经历了原始单一、推出商标、品牌纷繁、整合归一四个发展阶段.本文总结了吉林省农产品包装过去三十年的发展道路,同时指出了吉林省农产品包装未来的发展方向.     

Fecal Coliform Removal within a Marshland Upwelling System Consisting of Scatlake Soils

The marshland upwelling system (MUS) was installed on private camps in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Moss Point, Mississippi. The system was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing fecal coliforms from settled, raw wastewater. A suite of studies was performed at flow rates of 1.9, 2.8, and 5.5 L/min and an injection frequency of 30 min every 3 h to investigate fecal coliform removal. An additional study was performed at a flow rate of 2.8 L/min and an injection frequency of 15 min every hour. Overall, the MUS consistently maintained fecal concentrations below effluent regulatory standards for shellfish harvesting waters (14 most probable number of colonies per 100 mL). Mean influent concentrations of 55,269±2,218,016 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL were reduced to effluent counts of 2.7±14.07 CFU/100 mL (observed in the 1.5 m wells). Three- to four-log reductions in influent counts were observed over the initial 1.4 vector?m from the injection well. The overall removal followed a first-order decay relationship with respect to vector distance, resulting in removal rate constants ranging from 5.6 to 6.6/m and predicted surface concentrations approaching 0 CFU/100 mL. The 2.8 L/min for 30 min every 3 h treatment provided the best effluent quality.     

厨卫垃圾高速发酵处理技术

介绍了日本的厨卫垃圾高速发酵处理技术及厨卫垃圾高速发酵处理机工艺条件．该技术采用生物发酵处理原理，运用深层液体透析发酵和固体发酵相结合的工艺生产的固体活性生物复合剂，通过有机垃圾处理机的自动控制工艺处理，在-5℃～100℃的温度范围内，在缺氧、有氧条件下，对厨卫垃圾中可降解组分进行快速降解，使之分解成二氧化碳、水和极少量灰质，降解率迭95％以上．通过该技术处理后的厨卫垃圾可制成有机肥料．     

Optimal classification methods for mapping agricultural tillage practices

The classification of agricultural tillage systems has proven challenging in the past using traditional classification methods due to the similarity of spectral reflectance signatures of soils and senescent crop residues. In this study, five classification methods were examined to determine the most suitable classification algorithm for the identification of no-till (NT) and traditional tillage (TT) cropping methods: minimum distance (MD), Mahalanobis distance, Maximum Likelihood (ML), spectral angle mapping (SAM), and the cosine of the angle concept (CAC). A Landsat ETM+ image acquired over southern Michigan and northern Indiana was used to test these classification methods. Each classification method was validated with 293 ground truth sampling locations collected commensurate with the satellite overpass. Classification accuracy was then assessed using error matrix analysis, Kappa statistics, and tests for statistical significance. The results indicate that of the classification routines examined, the two spectral angle methods were superior to the others. The cosine of the angle concept algorithm outperformed all the other classification routines for tillage practice identification and mapping, yielding an overall accuracy of 97.2% (Kappa=0.959).     

二维洪水演进数值模拟研究

本文在内蒙古包头市北梁区荒漠化土壤的质地和养分元素含量分析的基础上,与包头市大量堆积的、严重威胁环境的三种固体废弃物(粉煤灰、水库淤积物和污水沉淀物)进行了对比研究。结果表明:该三种废弃物具有细粒、富含植物生长所必需之养分元素的特点。以该区荒漠化土壤作基本土壤,三种废弃物作土壤添加剂进行了玉米、沙棘树和草坪草的种植实验,结果显示:(1)三种废弃物添加到荒漠化土壤中,能够显著增加土壤的养分含量。(2)荒漠化土壤被改造成为近轻壤土的砂壤土或轻壤土。(3)改良后的土壤能够显著增加土壤的生物生产量。     

A conceptual framework to define the spatial resolution requirements for agricultural monitoring using remote sensing

Satellite remote sensing is an invaluable tool to monitor agricultural resources. However, spatial patterns in agricultural landscapes vary significantly across the Earth resulting in different imagery requirements depending on what part of the globe is observed. Furthermore, there is an increasing diversity of Earth observation instruments providing imagery with various configurations of spatial, temporal, spectral and angular resolutions. In terms of spatial resolution, the choice of imagery should be conditioned by knowing the appropriate spatial frequency at which the landscape must be sampled with the imaging instrument in order to provide the required information from the targeted fields. This paper presents a conceptual framework to define quantitatively such requirements for both crop area estimation and crop growth monitoring based on user-defined constraints. The methodological development is based on simulating how agricultural landscapes, and more specifically the fields covered by a crop of interest, are seen by instruments with increasingly coarser resolving power. The results are provided not only in terms of acceptable pixel size but also of pixel purity which is the degree of homogeneity with respect to the target crop. This trade-off between size and purity can be adjusted according to the end-user's requirements. The method is implemented over various agricultural landscapes with contrasting spatial patterns, demonstrating its operational applicability. This diagnostic approach can be used: (i) to guide users in choosing the most appropriate imagery for their application, (ii) to evaluate the adequacy of existing remote sensing systems for monitoring agriculture in different regions of the world and (iii) to provide guidelines for space agencies to design future instruments dedicated to agriculture monitoring.     

Vapor Species over Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-Cs2O Glass

Methods for suppression and control of the axisymmetric vertical positional instability are described on the basis of conceptural design studies with the International Tokamak Reactor (INTOR). The shell effect is well known to be useful for suppression of the fast instability. Here shell structures are presented and their usefulness is assessed. Included in the assessments are required modellings of the plasma current for determination of mutual inductances between the plasma and the inductive components around it. Three kinds of models are described and their features are compared to the shell effect. Two kinds of simplified reactor structures are described and studied by comparing them with some control characteristics of the slow instability by a pair of control coils. Their structures are selected so as to result in different shell effects between them, and are consequently found to produce different capacities of power supply, too.