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41.
The plasma-chemical degradation of bovine blood effluents provided by a slaughterhouse plant is achieved by exposing the dilute blood target to a gliding discharge in humid air. The several steps of the degradation were ascribed to the oxidizing and acidifying properties of the parent species formed in the discharge (e.g., mainly °OH and °NO and their derivatives). The oxidation reactions go on after the discharge is switched off and evidence Temporal Post-Discharge Reactions (TPDR). This demonstrates that less reactive moieties than °OH and °NO – tentatively H2O2 and ONO2H – are concerned in TPDR and probably also involved in the main degradation process performed under plasma conditions. Industrial effluents involve large quantities of sodium citrate additive (10?2 mol L?1), which is first degraded according to zero order kinetics, folllowed by a 1st order kinetic step (k1 = 0.2 min?1) ascribed to the diffusion controlled degradation of hemoglobin (Hb). 相似文献
42.
In this study, the feasibility of using modified plantain peel to remove 2,6-dichlorophenol from iaqueous solutions was investigated under batch mode. The effects of physical factors such as initial 2,6-dichlorophenol concentration, contact time, biosorbent particle size, biosorbent dosage and temperature on the removal process were evaluated. The results showed that biosorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol was dependent on these factors. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherm models. The four tested isotherm models provided good fits to the experimental data obtained at 30°C; however, the Freundlich isotherm model provided the best correlation (R2 = 0.9874) of the experimental data. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity (Q max ) was found to be 14.25 mg/g. The biosorption kinetics data of 2,6-dichlorophenol were analyzed by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models. The five kinetic models fitted well to the biosorption kinetic data; however, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit when the biosorption mechanism was controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamic quantities such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), standard entropy change of biosorption (ΔS°), and activation energy (Ea) were evaluated, and it was found that the biosorption process was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic in nature and of dual nature, physisorption and chemisorption; however, the physisorption process was dominant. Therefore, modified plantain peel has potential for application as an effective bioadsorbent for removal of 2,6-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution. 相似文献
43.
通过调研氯苯行业生产及技术现状,结合工艺流程中的关键产排污节点分析,初步论证目前氯苯行业中以二恶英类为代表的污染物产生和排放情况,以此作为中国履行斯德哥尔摩公约的重要技术基础,并提出相关的履约建议. 相似文献
44.
《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2013,52(5):905-926
Hydrogels of 350 water-absorbency (g H2O2/g sample) and 900 water-keeping capacity (mL H2O2/g sample) were prepared from local lignocellulosic wastes. The wastes used are rice straw, sugar-cane bagasse, and cotton stalks. These hydrogels were prepared via graft–polymerization reaction using some vinyl monomers, followed by alkali hydrolysis. The effects of grafting parameters (concentration of both initiator and monomer, temperature, and time), purity of lignocellulose sample, type of monomer, pretreatment of lignocellulose, and manner of saponification reaction were examined. The application of such polymeric materials as soil conditioners, by following the pore size distribution of sand soil, in comparison with conventional soil conditioners (e.g., natural organic fertilizer and clay), were also evaluated. 相似文献
45.
46.
本文在充分调研和试验基础上,对几十个判废的液氯钢瓶进行了综合分析,并结合试验测试数据和理论计算,对液氯钢瓶的失效方式进行了分类总结,对判废标准做了若干探讨,为钢瓶的安全、合理使用提供了依据。 相似文献
47.
Sulfonated Beet Pulp as Solid Catalyst in One-Step Esterification of Industrial Palm Fatty Acid Distillate 下载免费PDF全文
Farahnaz Eghbali Babadi Soraya Hosseini Salman Masoudi Soltani Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua Ahmad Shamiri Mahtab Samadi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2016,93(3):319-327
In this research a new heterogeneous catalyst has been prepared for biodiesel production. The catalyst was prepared by sulfonating industrial sugar waste. Unlike homogeneous catalysts, which require further purification and separation from the biodiesel production reaction media, this inexpensive synthetic catalyst does not need to go through an additional separation process. This advantage consequently minimizes the total application costs. The catalyst was prepared by partially carbonizing sugar beet pulp at 400 °C. The carbonization product was then sulfonated with concentrated H2SO4 vapor in order to produce a solid catalyst. The prepared catalyst was used in the esterification reaction between palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and methanol. The effects of the temperature, methanol/PFAD ratio, reaction time and catalyst dosage on the efficiency of the production were individually investigated. The optimum biodiesel production occurred at 85 °C, a reaction time of 300 min, catalyst dosage of 3 g and methanol/PFAD ratio of 5:1 (mol/mol), lowering the acid value from 198 to 13.1 (mg KOH/g oil) or the equivalent, with a fatty acid methyl ester yield of around 92 %. The results suggest that the synthesized inexpensive catalyst is useful for biodiesel production from PFAD. 相似文献
48.
Yang Zhang Guowu Zhan Yibo Song Yiping Liu Jiale Huang Shu-Feng Zhou Kok Bing Tan Qingbiao Li 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2022,16(12):1793
Recycling industrial solid waste not only saves resources but also eliminates environmental concerns of toxic threats. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the utilization of petrochemical-derived carbon black waste, a waste vanadium-bearing resource (V > 30000 ppm (10 −6)). Chemical leaching was employed to extract metallic vanadium from the waste and the leachate containing V was used as an alternative raw material for the fabrication of vanadate nanomaterials. Through the screening of various metal cations, it was found that the contaminated Na+ during the leaching process showed strong competitive coordination with the vanadium ions. However, by adding foreign Ce3+ and Y3+ cations, two rare-earth vanadates, viz., flower-like CeVO4 and spherical YVO4 nanomaterials, were successfully synthesized. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and N2 physisorption were applied to analyze the physicochemical properties of the waste-derived nanomaterials. Importantly, we found that rare-earth vanadate catalysts exhibited good activities toward the semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The conversion of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic alcohol selectivity were even higher than those of the common CeVO4 prepared using pure chemicals (67.2% vs. 27.7% and 88.4% vs. 53.5%). Our work provides a valuable new reference for preparing vanadate catalysts by the use of abundant vanadium-bearing waste resources. 相似文献
49.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(16):23119-23126
The high-strength mica-containing glass-ceramics were prepared from granite wastes by bulk crystallization. The influences of SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio (S/A = 7.72, 9.62, 12.58, 17.82 and 29.67) on the crystallization behavior, microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of glass-ceramics were investigated. The results demonstrated that the polymerization degree of the glass network decreased with the S/A ratio increasing, which further caused the decrease in glass transition temperature and crystallization temperatures. The increase in the S/A ratio promoted the precipitation of diopside, hectorite, kalsilite and tainiolite in glass-ceramics when the samples were heated at 750 °C, while inhibiting the precipitation of forsterite. For the glass-ceramics crystallized at 800 and 900 °C, the main crystalline phases transformed from diopside, forsterite, and nepheline to diopside, kalsilite, and tainiolite, with the S/A ratio increasing. As the SiO2 gradually replaced Al2O3, the morphology of crystals changed from lamellar to granular, while the mean size of crystals reduced. The Vickers-Hardness values of glass-ceramics crystallized at 800 and 900 °C ascended with S/A ratio rising, and the values were above 6.30 GPa. The bending strength of most glass-ceramics is stable between 90 and 140 MPa, among which the maximum bending strength is 133.28 ± 14.81 MPa. The fracture toughness of the glass-ceramic crystallized at 800 and 900 °C declined, while that at 700 °C increased with a larger S/A ratio. Glass-ceramics after heat-treated at 900 °C with S/A ratio of 9.62 had the largest fracture toughness of 3.28 ± 0.15 MPa m1/2. In preliminary tests of machinability, glass-ceramic after heat-treated at 900 °C with S/A ratio of 9.62 showed better results. 相似文献
50.
针对氯碱生产过程中产生大量的“工业三废”问题,介绍了焦煤集团开元化工有限责任公司的“三废”回收利用及治理情况,提出了实现“零排放工厂”的可行性方案和“三废”回收利用的治理措施。 相似文献