试论小氮肥造气工序设备的更新换代

论述小型氮肥厂近年来在煤造气工序中主要设备的更新换代问题;介绍许多优良的新设备和新技术的应用情况。     

分子生物技术在石油降解微生物研究中的应用

总结了生物法治理石油污染的局限性,介绍了几种在石油降解微生物研究中广泛应用的分子生物技术,并对该研究领域未来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

利用南水北调工程改善济宁水生态环境的措施

通过对济宁市防治水污染技术研究, 提出水污染防治在政策措施上实施治污抓源头, 杜绝不达标排放; 在城市 建设规划上, 把河湖生态湿地建设、 改善居住生活环境与城市建设有机结合; 在河湖治理上, 坚持工程、 生物措施并 举; 在工程管护上, 坚持依法治水。利用南水北调东线工程建设, 实施水污染防治建设, 通过对济宁市水污染防治成 果的阐释, 为今后水污染治理提供成功的经验和做法。     

Safety intelligence: An exploration of senior managers' characteristics

Senior managers can have a strong influence on organisational safety. But little is known about which of their personal attributes support their impact on safety. In this paper, we introduce the concept of ‘safety intelligence’ as related to senior managers' ability to develop and enact safety policies and explore possible characteristics related to it in two studies. Study 1 (N = 76) involved direct reports to chief executive officers (CEOs) of European air traffic management (ATM) organisations, who completed a short questionnaire asking about characteristics and behaviours that are ideal for a CEO's influence on safety. Study 2 involved senior ATM managers (N = 9) in various positions in interviews concerning their day-to-day work on safety. Both studies indicated six attributes of senior managers as relevant for their safety intelligence, particularly, social competence and safety knowledge, followed by motivation, problem-solving, personality and interpersonal leadership skills. These results have recently been applied in guidance for safety management practices in a White Paper published by EUROCONTROL.     

Wet oxidation of wastewater containing hydrocarbons by novel supported Pd catalysts

Pd catalysts supported on TiO₂, ZrO₂, ZSM-5, MCM-41 and activated carbon were used in catalytic wet oxidation of hydrocarbons such as phenol, m-cresol and m-xylene. It was found that the Pd/TiO₂ catalyst was highly effective in the wet oxidation of hydrocarbon. The activities of catalysts with various hydrocarbon species, catalyst support, oxidation state of catalyst performed in a 3-phase slurry reactor show that reaction on Pd surface is more favorable than that in aqueous phase and that the active site is oxidized Pd in catalytic wet air oxidation of hydrocarbons. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism of wet oxidation of hydrocarbons catalyzed over Pd/TiO₂ catalyst was proposed. This catalyst is superior to other oxide catalysts because it suppressed the formation of hardly-degradable organic intermediates and polymer.     

新增仪表空气干燥器的运行经济评价

介绍仪表空气干燥器功能、试车运行情况及在生产中所起的作用和使用后收到的效果。     

Breakthrough and Sulfate Conversion Analysis during Removal of Sulfur Dioxide by Calcium Oxide Sorbents

Sorption of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was carried out on calcium‐based sorbents under dynamic conditions in a fixed bed. The experimental conditions were reaction temperature (700 to 1000°C), SO₂ concentration (1000‐10 000 ppm), sorbent particles size (1 to 2 mm) and the types of sorbents (hydroxide or carbonate). The sorption process was found to be effective at low concentration levels (less than 10 000 ppm) as the breakthrough time significantly decreased with increase in concentration. The maximum removal of SO₂ was observed at a reaction temperature of 950°C. The hydroxide‐based sorbents of relatively smaller particle size were found to exhibit superior sorption performance in terms of longer breakthrough time and higher sulfate conversion. A mathematical model developed, assuming a porous structure of the sorbent materials, attributed the low sulfation conversion during SO₂ sorption due to a pore diffusion mechanism.     

Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride

Different structured activated carbons were prepared from Terminalia arjuna nuts, an agricultural waste, by chemical activation with zinc chloride for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The most important parameter in chemical activation was found to be the chemical ratio (activating agent/precursor, g/g). Carbonization temperature and time are the other two important variables, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. A high surface area of was obtained at a chemical ratio of 300%, carbonization time and temperature of 1 h and 500 °C, respectively. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capability to adsorb Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentrations. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum removal of chromium was obtained at pH 1.0 (about 99% for adsorbent dose of 2 g/l and 10 mg/l initial concentration).     

循环经济与浮法玻璃工艺的发展

在玻璃行业贯彻循环经济的理念,改进工艺思想和方法,节约资源,降低消耗,提高资源利用率,减少污染物排放,是我们对后人应负的责任和对地球应尽的义务。     

中国汞污染的现状及防治对策

综述了环境汞污染的主要来源及特点,分析了中国现阶段汞污染的现状,提出加强燃煤汞污染的控制、削减工业汞使用量、提高社会公众的参与意识是治理我国汞污染当采取的有效措施。