ZA—90甲苯歧化或烷基转移催化剂的首次工业应用

研制成功的ＺＡ－９０高硅丝光沸石甲苯歧或基转移催化剂，在反应压力３．０ＭＰａ、ＬＨＳＶ１．２ｈ＾－１、氢烃分子比６．７／１下反庆１０００小时，反应温度３９０４０５℃，转化率４２．２８ｍｏｌ％。选择性９７．５４ｍｏｌ％。在引进装置上工业应用近四年来，反应压力２．２ＭＰａＬＨＳＶ不大于０．３６ｈ＾－１，产物中苯加二甲苯为４１．８１ｍｏｌ％，芳烃收率９８．６９ｍｏｌ％，反应温度低，提温速度慢，现仍继续使     

二苯乙烯苷特性及DPPH自由基清除活性

讨论何首乌中二苯乙烯苷晶体的理化性质及清除DPPH自由基活性.从何首乌中分离结晶得到二苯乙烯苷晶体,并运用液-质(LC-MS)、核磁(NMR)、X-射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)等技术分析晶体性质及稳定性,对照Vc、BHT、白藜芦醇测定了其清除DPPH自由基的活性.试验表明二苯乙烯苷晶体不存在同质多晶现象,仅有一种针状晶体存在形式,且不含结晶水,熔点为151.33℃.且其晶体具有良好的稳定性.其清除自由基活性依次为:Vc IC505.38μg/mL,BHT IC506.20μg/m l,二苯乙烯苷IC508.06μg/mL,白藜芦醇IC509.21μg/mL.从何首乌提取物中可以通过结晶得到单一针状、稳定的二苯乙烯苷晶体,且该晶体具有良好的清除DPPH自由基功能.     

PROBING HIDDEN POLYMERIC INTERFACES USINGIR–VISIBLE SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION SPECTROSCOPY

Understanding the molecular-level processes underlying interfacial phenomena is important in the area of adhesion. We briefly introduce IR–visible sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) using a total-internal-reflection geometry for the study of polymer–air, polymer–solid, and polymer–polymer interfaces. The following examples, predominantly of work done in our lab, illustrating differences in molecular structure and dynamic properties at interfaces are presented: the air- and solid-interface structure of an amorphous polystyrene (PS) and a semicrystalline polymer with side-chain crystallinity, poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PA-18); structure of a polymer–polymer interface between thin films of a semicrystalline polymer with side-chain crystallinity, poly(vinyl-N-octadecylcarbamate- co-vinyl acetate), and an amorphous PS; thermal order-to-disorder transitions of the air and solid interface of PA-18, and the interface of this polymer with PS; and dynamic surface-relaxation studies of a rubbed PS film.     

Direct Probe of Interfacial Structure during Mechanical Contact between Two Polymer Films Using Infrared Visible Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

Infrared-visible sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) has been used to study the interface between poly(vinyl-N-octadecylcarbamate-co-vinyl acetate) (PVNODC) and polystyrene (PS) films during mechanical contact. The films were contacted using a deformable semispherical poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) lens that can be easily adapted to incorporate friction and adhesion force measurements. A strong methyl symmetric peak and Fermi resonance band associated with the alkyl side chains of PVNODC are observed in the SFG spectrum. This suggests that the interface structure during mechanical contact is more ordered than the structure observed for PS/PVNODC bilayer films annealed above the melting and glass transition temperatures of PVNODC and PS. Complementary contact mechanics measurements reveal a small adhesion hysteresis supporting our hypothesis that the interface structure during mechanical contact is not significantly different from the structure of the air interfaces before contact.     

超微粉碎-微波双水相萃取红花龙胆中环烯醚萜苷类

以红花龙胆全草为原料,采用超微粉碎和微波控温辅助双水相法提取了其中的环烯醚萜苷类。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺;考察了所得环烯醚萜苷类的总抗氧化作用及其清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的能力。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:在30.0 g〔无水乙醇7.8 g(质量分数26%),磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)3.0 g (质量分数10%)〕乙醇/K2HPO4双水相体系中,红花龙胆干粉粒度为400目,微波温度(70±1)℃,微波时间110 s,红花龙胆干粉加入量3.5 g,得率为5.48%,相比传统提取工艺热回流得率(3.61%)显著提高。此法能抑制试材内源性水解酶活性且中和植酸(红花龙胆中的酸性物质)来降低溶出环烯醚萜苷类发生聚合反应的几率,有效解决了红花龙胆中环烯醚萜苷类需富集才能检测到的问题;总环烯醚萜苷类的抗氧化能力在0.2～0.6 g/L内强于2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT),对DPPH·的清除能力在0.2～1.0 g/L内强于BHT。     

天然植物中的甜糖苷和抑甜糖苷

着重介绍了来源于植物组织中的两种活性不同的糖苷,即甜糖苷和抑甜糖苷的特性以及研究现状。     

Determination of steroidal saponins in different organs of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto)

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are perennial trailing rhizome plants. Steroidal saponins, furostanol and spirostanol glycosides are the marked functional compounds in yams. In this investigation, a C18 solid phase extraction method was developed for yam saponins purification. The contents of saponins in various organs of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) were also determined. Results showed that the recoveries of yam saponins extracted by the developed method were about 99.48–100.08% when the saponins (each saponin weighed 0.20, 0.50 and 1.00 mg) passing through the C18 cartridge. The extractive method could efficiently reduce the interferences from impurities in yam saponin extracts prior to HPLC analysis. The recoveries of added saponins in different yam organs were 98.34–99.92% for tuber flesh, 95.98–98.89% for tuber cortex, 97.89–99.44% for rhizophor, 93.82–98.01% for leaf and 93.87–97.65% for vine, respectively. The yam tuber cortex had the highest amount of saponins (582.53 μg/g dw), which was higher than that existed in the tuber flesh (227.86 μg/g dw) about 2.55 times. The contents of saponins in the rhizophor, leaf and vine of yam were 29.39, 24.41 and 23.96 μg/g dw, respectively.     

Design of new solid catalysts for the selective conversion of glycerol

Glycerol is now obtained as a co‐product of biodiesel from renewable raw materials with a dramatically increasing production. It follows that one of the most important breakthroughs is to find new catalytic processes for chemical valorizations. The present paper gives a short overview of selective esterification, transesterification or etherification of glycerol via the use of new heterogeneous catalysts. The selectivity control is mainly the result of the synthesis of mesoporous materials for which acidic or basic properties as well as the surface hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance were optimized.     

Effect of a novel coupling agent,alkyl ketene dimer,on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites

The objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation of poplar wood fibers both with and without a novel coupling agent, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), on the mechanical properties of wood fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. The resulting properties were compared to those obtained with the most commonly used coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP). Tensile and impact strengths of the composites decreased with increasing poplar wood fibers content. Tensile modulus of the composites increased by the incorporation of the wood fibers content up to 70 wt% but further increment in the wood fibers decreased the tensile modulus. At the constant content of poplar wood fibers (70 wt%), the tensile strength determined for the coupled composites with 5% AKD increased by 41% in comparison with the non-coupled composites while the tensile modulus increased by 45%, the impact strength of the coupled composites increased by 38%. The performance of 5% AKD on the mechanical properties of the composites is a little better than 3% MAPP. The good performance of 5% AKD is attributed to the enhanced compatibility between the poplar wood fibers and the polymer matrix. The increase in mechanical properties of the composites demonstrated that AKD is an effective coupling agent for wood fiber/PP composites.