Self‐Aggregation and Emulsifying Properties of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactants

Methyl ester sulfonate (MES) anionic surfactants made from natural resources are of particular interest as sustainable surfactants. They offer good physicochemical properties for applications as detergents and emulsifiers. The liquid crystal structures of MES surfactants synthesized in a previous work were determined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The emulsifying activity for each surfactant was also measured, and the stability of emulsions was estimated and compared to that induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The POM micrographs showed the presence of birefringent textures. Several factors, including temperature and hydration, influenced the stability of the phases and their structure. SAXS confirmed the structure of the phases formed by dry and hydrated ф‐MES surfactants at 25 °C, giving the position of peaks corresponding to the ratio 1:2:3 and revealing the phase transitions of lamellar to double lamellar or the reverse. Also, the Bragg distance (d) decreased with an increase in chain length from 13 to 17 carbon atoms and an increase in the area per molecule of surfactant. The geometric packing parameters were also determined, and suggest that surfactants are tilted. The stability of surfactant emulsions is around 60%, which is comparable to that of SDS. The micrographs show that the emulsions formed are O/W, and an increase in chain length gives rise to a decrease in the size of the emulsion droplets. These results are confirmed by the values of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) which reveals the hydrophilic nature of these surfactants.     

镧系金属磺酸盐催化剂在CL-20合成中的应用

针对N_2O_5/HNO_3硝化四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TAIW)合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)反应时间长、收率低的缺点,以甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸及三氟甲磺酸的镧系金属盐为催化剂,通过N_2O_5/HNO_3硝化TAIW合成CL-20;研究了镧系金属磺酸盐种类和用量、反应时间、循环利用次数对CL-20收率和纯度的影响。结果表明,金属钐的磺酸盐具有较好的催化性能,其中对甲苯磺酸钐(Sm(Tos)3)催化性能最优;当反应温度为65~75℃,反应时间为4h,投料比m(Sm(Tos)3)∶m(TAIW)∶m(N_2O_5)∶V(HNO_3)=0.3g∶3g∶4g∶15mL时,CL-20收率为95.2%,纯度为98.6%;重复使用5次后,催化性能无明显降低。     

Fatty acid ecological tracers highlight the role of diet in perfluoroalkyl acid contaminant exposure in eggs of an omnivorous bird

Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are generalist feeders; contaminant levels in their eggs reflect chemical exposure and uptake due to foraging in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Hence, contaminant levels in their eggs provide insights into sources and relative importance of aquatic versus terrestrial pathways of chemical transfer. Here, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) known to be bioaccumulative were measured in individual herring gull eggs from one site on Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada. Thirteen perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCA, C₄-C₁₈) and four perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSA, C₄-C₁₀) were measured. Total PFCA and total PFSA concentrations varied 4- and 5-fold, respectively, among eggs. To understand these differences, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and fatty acid dietary tracers were measured in the same eggs. Stable isotopes were not useful in explaining inter-egg differences in PFAA concentrations. However, a variety of omega 3 (n-3) and omega 6 (n-6) fatty acid measures were correlated with C₉-C₁₃ PFCAs as well as the PFSAs: perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS). In general, n-3 fatty acids were positively correlated with egg PFAA concentrations while only the n-6 fatty acids exhibited negative relationships with egg PFAA levels. Proportions of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in eggs would be expected to increase and decrease, respectively, with increased aquatic food in the gull diet. Results indicate that increased use of aquatic food led to heightened PFAA exposure in these generalist consumers sampled in a relatively remote area. They also highlight the utility of employing a variety of dietary markers for understanding contaminant exposure and accumulation.     

地毯中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)的测定方法研究

本文利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术研究地毯中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)的测定方法。地毯样品采用超声波辅助萃取,萃取液经0.2μm有机滤膜过滤后,以42:58(体积比)的甲醇5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,经HPLC分离后用多级反应监测(MRM)模式测定。用两个子离子的相对丰度定性,外标法定量。结果表明,PFOS在0.002~0.1mg/L范围内线性良好(r0.9995),回收率大于90%,相对标准偏差小于2%。满足欧盟法规对产品中PFOS的限量检测要求。     

糠醛抽出油族组分磺酸盐的结构与性能研究

通过柱层析法将糠醛抽出油分离为极性不同的4个族组分a,b,c和d.以各个族组分为原料,发烟硫酸为磺化剂,制备各个族组分磺酸盐.用电喷雾质谱法(ESMS)表征各个族组分磺酸盐的分子质量分布,用IR,1HNMR和元素分析法表征磺酸盐的分子结构,并测定了它们的表面活性、亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值、润湿力、乳化力.结果表明,族组分b,c和d磺酸盐具有较宽的相对分子质量分布,其平均相对分子质量分别为321,339和407;族组分b和c磺酸盐分子含有1～2个芳香环,烷基侧链含有6～7个C原子,每条烷基侧链平均有2～3条支链,族组分d磺酸盐平均含有2个芳香环,烷基侧链含有12～14个C原子,每条烷基侧链平均有6～7条支链;族组分b,c和d磺酸盐均具有较好的乳化性能,族组分d磺酸盐的cmc和γcmc均较低,润湿性能较差.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐NNA系列高温高盐条件下界面活性研究

实验考察了作为驱油表面活性剂合成的氧乙基数n为7,8,9,12,15的十二烷醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐NNA-n在高温高盐条件下的界面张力性质.实验中使用华北油田晋45断块脱水脱气原油,实验温度70℃.用含钙镁离子0.6g/L的模拟水配制的NNA溶液,随矿化度增大(20～120g/L),油水(平衡)界面张力显现低谷区,其中NNA-9和NNA-12显现较宽的超低界面张力区(10-3mN/m).当矿化度分别为60、80、100 g/L,钙镁离子浓度由0增至1.2g/L时,NNA-9和NNA-12在中间钙镁浓度区也显现界面张力低谷区;NNA-9的低谷区随矿化度加大而变深,在矿化度20g/L、钙镁浓度约为0.3～0.8g/L区间有超低值;NNA-12的界面张力则在矿化度80 g/L时最低,超低值出现在钙镁浓度0.4～0.9g/L区间.NNA-9在矿化度40 g/L模拟水中的1 g/L溶液,在110℃老化192小时后,有效物含量为42%,界面张力为8.94×10-3mN/m.     

Pre-treatment and bioconversion of wastewater sludge to value-added products—Fate of endocrine disrupting compounds

Development of processes for the production of value added products (VAPs), such as biopesticides, microbial inoculants or industrial enzymes through biotransformation of raw or pre-treated wastewater sludge (WWS) has undergone a substantial progress over the last decade. WWS based VAPs are low cost biological alternatives that can compete with chemicals or other cost intensive biological products in the current markets. However, when WWS is used as a raw material for VAPs production, questions still remains on the persistence of organic pollutants within the biotransformed WWS, especially, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and the production of their toxic intermediates. WWS pre-treatment prior to biotransformation as well as the microbial strains used for biotransformation can possibly remove these organic pollutants. The literature findings concerning the impact of WWS pre-treatment and value added products on EDCs removal are reviewed in this paper. The microbial potential to degrade or detoxify EDCs and toxic intermediates concomitant with value-addition is also discussed. The concept of obtaining EDCs free-WWS based VAPs and simultaneously achieving the objective of pollution control is presented.     

用APCI/ESILC/MS跟踪烷基二苯醚磺化反应

采用APCI/ESILC -MS对烷基二苯醚磺化反应过程进行跟踪分析 ,通过高压液相色谱及大气压质谱对产物分离并鉴定 ,从而对产物结构进行定性     

芳香族多氨基甲酰磺酸盐羊毛防毡缩整理剂的制备和应用

采用3种聚醚多元醇与2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯进行加成反应，然后用亚硫酸氢钠进行封端反应，再加入HCl调pH2-3制得芳香族多氨基甲酰磺酸盐(PCS)，探讨了具体封端条件和应用性能随其结构不同的差异，用PCS在不同羊毛织物上作防毡缩试验，其抗弯刚度较小，毡缩率较小，该产品与进口产品相比尚好．     

气相色谱法测定全氟辛磺酸化合物

采用快速溶剂萃取法，用甲苯、甲醇提取待测物，利用气相色谱法进行测定，外标法定量，建立了纺织品中三种全氟辛烷基磺酸化合物（PF0s）的检测方法。该方法的最低检出限、线性范围和回收率分别为：全氟辛磺酸6．51tw：／kg、13．0～208．3彬蚝和77．35％～111．60％；N-乙基全氟辛磺酸胺1.28μg／kg、1.6～80．0μg／kg和83．02％～113．88％；全氟辛磺酰氟0．25tμg／kg、1．2～98．5μg／kg和89.02％～104.67％。