Sol-gel microsphere pelletization: A powder-free advanced process for fabrication of ceramic nuclear fuel pellets

Hydrated gel-microspheres of U, Pu, Th oxide or oxide plus carbon mixture of diameter 400–800μ were prepared by ammonia gelation processes. They were dried and subjected to suitable treatment for obtaining free-flowing oxide, carbide or nitride micro-spheres of diameter 200–400μ suitable for direct pelletization and sintering. The oxide, carbide and nitride pellets were, in general, sintered at high temperature in Ar+8% H₂. However, for UO₂ and (U, Pu)O₂ pellets low temperature (1200 °C), short duration (1 h) oxidative (CO₂ or N₂+air) sintering (LTS) was also successful, thereby reducing electrical energy and gas consumption during sintering. Thus, the combined SGMP-LTS process simultaneously minimized “radiotoxic dust hazard” and fuel fabrication cost in case of UO₂ and (U, Pu) O₂ pellets.     

铝碳质浸入式水□氧化铝结瘤机理的研究

分析了实际使用后的铝碳质浸入式水口的结瘤情况 ,对氧化铝结瘤机理提出了新的看法 ,为研究抗氧化铝结瘤的新方法和新材料提供了一定的理论和实验基础。     

A case study on large-scale production for iron oxide pellets: Ezhou pelletization plant of the BAOWU

The Ezhou pelletization plant of the BAOWU with production capacity of 5,000,000 ton oxide pellets per year has the biggest single production line of Grate–Kiln–Ring cooler, which was provided by Metso Company. The iron concentrate was mainly imported from Brazil and self-provided by Jinshandian. The iron concentrates were dried and ground by the high pressure roller. The ground iron concentrates were pelleted by drum and disc pelletizers. The qualified green pellets were subjected to grate, rotary kiln, and ring cooler successively. The innovation and creation of process and equipment of Ezhou pelletization plant of BAOWU plays an exemplary role for the application of large-scale grate-kiln-cooler in iron and steel industrial. The use of the high pressure roller grinding significantly improved the pelletization ability of the iron concentrate and the quality of the finished pellets. Compared with other same scale grinding equipment, it is more energy-saving. The combined technique of high pressure roller with wet ball mill grinding was used to treat some hard specularite with large particle size. The first successful application and design of electrostatic precipitator on the large-scale grate-kiln in China provides a good foundation for other large-scale pellets plants.     

城市污泥制备成型衍生燃料技术综述

城市污泥的处理与处置问题是世界共同关注的问题之一,传统的污泥处理方式已难以满足日益严格的环保要求,污泥的燃料化利用是世界的共识。由于污泥的挥发分含量高、固定碳含量低,污泥难以直接稳定地焚烧,且污泥中淀粉类糊化和蛋白质类变性能够促进氢键和架桥作用,充分利用城市生活污水处理厂污泥制备成型燃料是目前污泥燃料化的新兴方式。本文详细阐述了现有的污泥成型技术,包括污泥干化成型、半干化成型和湿式成型技术等,重点阐明了其各自的优缺点,指出污泥干化成型是未来污泥成型的主要方式。     

镁橄榄石用于铁矿球团的试验研究

应用镁橄榄石粉末，并配以膨润土或新型wkd粘结剂，对武钢大冶铁精矿进行了实验室及工业投笼球团试验。试验研究表明：镁橄榄石粉的添加对生球质量的提高可以起到一定程度的促进作用，但镁橄榄石粉不能完全代替粘结剂，仍然需要与粘结剂配合使用；镁橄榄石粉的添加对造球工艺参数不会造成影响；适当提高焙烧温度是保证球团各项指标合格的关键，其中抗压强度、FeO含量等主要与焙烧温度有关，与镁橄榄石配比无明显关系。另外，冶金性能研究也表明：随着镁橄榄石用量的增加，球团还原度有一定提高，低温还原粉化率、膨胀性能和软熔性能显著改善。     

加入造粒石墨对低水泥氧化铝基浇注料性能的影响

分别采用成型后造粒(A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ)以及直接造粒(A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ)两种不同的方法对天然鳞片石墨进行处理。研究了这两种造粒石墨的加入对低水泥氧化铝基浇注料物理性能、抗氧化性能以及抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:1)石墨含量较低、热处理温度较低(110℃)时,含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ的试样的常温抗折强度、耐压强度均优于含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ的试样的;2)石墨含量较高、热处理温度较高(1 500℃)时,含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ的试样的常温抗折强度、耐压强度则不如含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ的试样的;3)含同种造粒石墨的试样,其石墨含量越低,抗氧化性能越好;4)石墨含量对含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ试样的抗渣侵蚀性影响较大,浇注料中引入A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ比引入A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ更有利于改善试样抗渣侵蚀性。     

火法铜渣改质还原提铁试验研究

为有效回收铜渣中有价金属铁,模拟链篦机-回转窑工艺对火法铜渣进行了提铁试验研究。结果表明,含铁量为40.2%的铜渣,配加2%的B型添加剂,成球性能良好,且生球指标在碱度适宜条件下优良;采用模拟链篦机-回转窑工艺进行造球、熔炼试验,在碱度1.2、配碳量为理论碳当量的1.5倍、1 450 ℃下熔炼50 min,可以获得还原率79.7%、铁品位90.6%的二次铁资源。     

Al-Si复合Al_2O_3-β-SiAlON-C材料加热过程中性能、相组成和显微结构的变化

以电熔白刚玉(≤0.5、≤0.088和≤0.045 mm)、熔融石英(≤0.5 mm)、鳞片石墨(≤0.15 mm)、矾土基β-SiAlON(≤0.088 mm)、Al粉(≤0.074 mm)和Si粉(≤0.074 mm)为主要原料,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,制成25 mm×25 mm×125 mm的Al-Si复合Al2O3-β-SiAlON-C试样,经200℃固化24 h后,分别在800、1 000、1 200、1 400和1 600℃下埋炭(石墨)保温3 h,冷却后测定其体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、高温抗折强度和抗热震性,并进行XRD和SEM分析.结果表明:1)随着热处理温度的升高,Al-Si复合Al2O3-β-siAlON-C试样的显气孔率均下降,体积密度、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、高温抗折强度、热震后残余抗折强度均逐渐提高,但其抗折强度保持率在经1 000℃热处理后最高,随后逐渐降低;2)在高温还原气氛的热处理过程中,试样中的Al、Si与C(CO)或N2反应,原位生成了AlN、β-SiC、Al4C3和β-SiAlON等非氧化物,对试样具有填充气孔及增强增韧的作用.     

Ability for Self-Pelletization of Iron Ores and Magnetite Concentrates

 A procedure for evaluating the susceptibility of raw materials for the process of sintering of iron ore mixes is presented. The procedure relies on the evaluation of the amount and quality of the finest grain fraction. The method is based on determination of particular grain fractions. For the grain less than 015 mm, the determination of the amount is performed using an IPS (Infrared Particles Sizer) grain size analyzer and for the grain larger than 015 mm, the fraction is determined using the (wet and dry) screening methods. This allows for quantity assessment of the quality of material in terms of its susceptibility to self pelletizing by calculating Total Ability for Self Pelletizing (TASP) index fT. The presented method, in combination with the grain size and chemical analyses, can serve for evaluation of suitability of raw material and mixes for the sintering process. Furthermore, the TASP index for 10 types of iron ores and concentrates was determined. The usability of the TASP index was verified by determination of its impact on yield of sintering process both in laboratory and in industry scale.     

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of pelletized Jalapeño peppers

The effects of process pressure (220–500 bar) and temperature (35–65 °C) on yield and extract quality of pelletized Jalapeño peppers (Capsicum annuum L) treated with supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) were studied. Compaction was inadequate when using whole air‐dried pepper flakes conditioned to high moisture as raw material, which resulted in high porosity pellets and low bed densities. Thus, reference pellet samples were produced from Jalapeño pepper flakes that were finely ground and conditioned to low moisture. Pressures ≥290 bar did not affect cumulative extraction of reference pellet samples at 45 °C. On the other hand, the extraction rate of reference pellet samples at 360 bar increased with process temperature, as a result of increments in solubility, improvements in mass transfer properties, and/or improvements in solute desorption from the solid matrix. With regard to pretreatment, finely ground pepper samples were extracted in half the time of reference pellets (120 versus 270 min) at 360 bar and 45 °C; increasing sample moisture prior to pelletization increased extraction yield; and decreasing particle size prior to pelletization increased extraction rate slightly. These results suggest that sample moisture is partially co‐extracted by ScCO₂, and that the extraction rate of pelletized Jalapeño peppers is controlled by internal mass transfer mechanisms. Chlorophyllian pigments were removed in the final stages of the extraction process. Furthermore, pigment extraction increased with process pressure at 45 °C, and it increased slightly with process temperature at 360 bar. On the other hand, the concentration of capsaicinoids in extract samples remained constant during ScCO₂ extraction. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry