真空感应炉冶炼含氮不锈钢的合金增氮工艺

试验研究了200 kg真空感应炉冶炼含氮不锈钢Cr13(0.04%～0.06%N)、Cr23Ni19(0.22%～0.28% N)和Cr22Ni9(0.15%～0.19%N)时,在(0.1～0.6)×10⁵Pa氩气或氮气下加氮化铬(56.2%Cr、7.33%N)增氮工艺。结果表明,在氮气保护下加氮化合金,氮回收率为80%以上;在氩气保护下加氮化合金,氮回收率仅为10%。提高炉内氮气压力,控制合适的加入温度,加入小粒度氮化铬,氮的回收率可达100%。     

OH-对掺Er3+/Yb3+钡镓锗玻璃发光的影响及除水研究

钡镓锗玻璃是一种优质的红外发光材料,而钡镓锗玻璃中少量OH^-的存在严重影响玻璃的结构并劣化了玻璃的发光性能.实验研究了在原料中引入氟化物除水和在引入氟化物的基础上进行反应气氛法除水两种方法对Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺钡镓锗玻璃上转换发光、1.53μm发光的影响,采用Forster-Dexter半经验简化模型分析了OH^-和Er³⁺之间的能量转移几率.结果表明：在引入氟化物的基础上进行反应气氛法除水可以将玻璃中的OH^-浓度降低到原来的1/11;随OH^-浓度的降低,上转换荧光比1.53μm发光增强更明显,545nm绿光增强了2.8倍;OH^-和Er³⁺之间的能量转移常数为1.75×10^-19cm⁴/s,该值比磷酸盐玻璃中OH^-和Er³⁺之间的能量转移常数稍大.     

Avocado Fruit Quality Management during the Postharvest Supply Chain

Avocados are a popular subtropical fruit of high economic importance, and the European Union is the biggest importer of the bulk of the fruit coming from countries such as South Africa, Chile, and Israel. The fruit is highly nutritious, being rich in vitamins A, B, C, minerals, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and antioxidants. The biggest challenge is that the fruit is highly susceptible to qualitative and quantitative postharvest losses. Successful maintenance of avocado fruit quality during the supply chain depends on many aspects, including adequate orchard management practices, harvesting practices, packing operations, postharvest treatments, temperature management, transportation and storage conditions, and ripening at destination. Postharvest losses are mostly attributed to flesh softening, decay, physiological disorders, and improper temperature management. Management of the supply chain is solely done to provide the fruit with the most favorable conditions to extend storage life, and retain quality and nutritional attributes of the fruit. The focus of this review is therefore to study the findings that have emanated from research done to retain overall avocado fruit quality and to reduce postharvest losses during the supply chain through the adoption of appropriate and novel postharvest technologies.     

Preparation and characterization of SiC fibers with diverse electrical resistivity through pyrolysis under reactive atmospheres

Due to their fantastic mechanical and high-temperature resistant properties, SiC fibers with electrical resistivity of different orders of magnitude are of great interest for the fabrication of advanced composites with electromagnetic wave absorbent performance as both structural and functional materials. On the basis of well-developed route to prepare SiC fibers, in this work, we demonstrated a facile strategy to fabricate SiC fibers with electrical resistivity of 10⁻¹–10⁶ Ω cm by simply employing hydrogen and ammonia as the reactive atmospheres. The SiC fibers with different electrical resistivity had favorable morphologies, with uniform elemental distribution and stable C/Si ratio towards the fiber interior. Moreover, these fibers exhibited excellent mechanical strength and high temperature performance. Due to the innovative strategy, convenient operation and scalable preparation, the method in this work can be further extended to prepare SiC base fibers with adjustable electrical resistivity from other precursors.     

氧化气氛下铜红花釉的研制

通过在基础釉中引入SiC及复合还原剂，成功地试制出氧化气氛下1130－1160℃烧成，适合各类艺术瓷装饰的低温慢烧铜红花釉配方；实验研究了复合还原剂影响结果，并且讨论了分析了PbO,B2O3等添加剂的作用机理，确定了它们的最佳加入量。     

氧化焰烧成高强度电瓷材料的研究

用正交实验法，通过调整配方、改变工艺条件，在氧化气氛下烧制了高强度电瓷产品。同时用XRD、SEM等测试技术对瓷胎的显微结构进行了分析。结果表明：用氧化气氛烧制高强度电瓷是切实可行的，产品的机械强度达到了140MPa。     

Synthesis of SiC whiskers by VLS and VS process

This study investigates the mechanisms of SiC whisker formation in the carbothermal reduction of quartz to SiC in different gas atmospheres. Reduction of quartz by graphite was studied in Ar, H₂, and CH₄–H₂–Ar gas mixture in a laboratory fixed bed reactor. The reduction products were characterised by XRD, SEM and TEM. Whiskers were not formed in the carbothermal reduction of quartz in argon. Two types of SiC whiskers were observed in the carbothermal reduction of quartz in H₂ and CH₄–H₂–Ar gas mixture. In the process of reduction at 1400–1600 °C in H₂ and at 1200–1600 °C in CH₄–H₂–Ar gas mixture, whiskers with hexagonal shape with diameter 100–800 nm and length up to tens of microns were formed by the VLS mechanism under catalytic effect of iron. The whiskers with the characteristics of cylindrical shape and high aspect ratio were synthesized in CH₄–H₂–Ar gas mixture at 1400–1600 °C by VS mechanism.     

燃烧源排尘粒度分级的测试

通过对大量的炉窖排尘的测试,给出了不同炉型烟尘粒度分级,从中看出排尘中飘尘和微粒占有较大的比重,对环境和人群危害是较大的,应引起人们足够的重视。     

环境流体力学研究进展

本文对环境流体力学概念进行了介绍,总结了环境流体力学在水体、大气等不同条件下及工业生产中的运用情况,展望了今后环境流体力学的发展方向。     

Effect of atmosphere control on magnetic properties of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Fe3O4 glass ceramics

The influences of atmosphere during processes of melting and heat treatment, heat treatment temperature, Fe₃O₄ content and basicity on the magnetic properties of magnetite-based glass ceramics were investigated. For sample containing 20 % Fe₃O₄ melted in different atmospheres, the highest saturation magnetisation was realized in 20vol% air + 80 vol% Ar, due to the fact that ratio of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in melt obtained in this atmosphere was close to 2. However, it was found that the coercivity of glass ceramics was not affected by the melting atmosphere. A high sintering temperature led to the decrease of saturation magnetisation and the increase of coercivity. As increasing Fe₃O₄ content, the main crystal phase transformed from CaSiO₃ to CaFe_0.6Al_1.3Si_1.08O₆ and finally to magnetite phase, accompanied by the increase of saturation magnetisation and coercivity. In addition, the increase of basicity caused the decrease of saturation magnetisation and the increase of coercivity.