3D characterization of super-smooth surfaces of diamond turned OFHC copper mirrors

In this study, super-smooth surfaces of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper mirrors obtained by single point diamond turning were characterized with an atomic force microscope from the three-dimensional (3D) point of view. The machining conditions were also studied. A program developed in this study for a unified approach to 3D surface finish assessment proposed by the Commission of European Community was used to obtain the 3D parameters. In two experiments, the feed rate was changed from 0.2 to 2.0 μm per revolution and 0.3 to 3.0 μm per revolution, respectively. By 3D roughness characterization of these surfaces, the optimal feed rate was found to be 1.4 μm per revolution when the cutting depth was 1 μm or 0.9-1.2 μm per revolution at a cutting depth of 2 μm, where an S_q of 2.6 and 2.3 nm could be obtained, respectively. The suggested 3D roughness characterization parameters may include S_q, S_sk, S_ku, S_tr, S_al, S_Δq, and one functional parameter, such as S_bi.     

Ray-casting and block model conversion using a spatial index

A spatial index is a data structure designed to facilitate spatial search, exemplified by the point-in-polyhedron inclusion problem. The 3D extensible cell (EXCELL) index is presented together with algorithms for spatial search and for converting a complex polyhedron (boundary representation) into an octree-like block model. We illustrate the techniques by an application to geometric mine modelling and demonstrate the efficiency of the approach by practical experiments.     

电光晶体光学性质的折射率椭球分析法

本文利用折射率椭球一般性地讨论了电光晶体的光学性质,给出了电光晶体光轴方位和折射率分布的普遍公式。根据这些公式,可以很方便地分析一个具体的电光晶体的光学性质。     

"Rorschach and TAT indices of homosexuality in overt homosexuals, neurotics, and normal males": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by Anthony Davids, Mark Joelson, and Charles McArthur (Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1956[Sept], 53, 161-172). In the section on TAT results, under the heading of Signs suggested for further confirmation (p. 168), it states incorrectly (line 15) that the sign of a strong unresolved attachment to a father or father figure was scored in stories composed for Card 8. The sign was in fact scored in stories composed for TAT Card 7. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1958-02891-001). Rorschach and TAT protocols of 20 male overt homosexuals, 20 male neurotics, and 20 normal male students were compared in order to determine whether proposed homosexual signs were discriminative. The homosexual group gave a significantly greater mean number of the Rorschach and TAT signs than did either nonhomosexual group. "Within the homosexual group, correlation between the number of Rorschach signs and number of TAT signs produced by each S proved significant, serving as a check on the validity of both schemes and indicating the consistency of these 2 diverse measures of homosexuality." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computation of the structural invariants of linear multivariable systems with an extended version of the program

The structural invariants like finite and infinite zeros play an important role in many problems in the analysis of linear systems. In [1] Emami-Naeini and Van Dooren presented the program for computing the finite zeros of a linear system, which in the author's opinion is at present the best commonly available program for this problem. Such a program does not exist for computing the other structural invariants, like the infinite zeros and the Kronecker indices. This paper presents an extended version of the program , which computes the finite zeros as well as the other structural invariants.     

Test anxiety and Rorschach performance.

"This study was designed to test the validity of certain Rorschach anxiety indices which have been shown to reflect the effects of exposure to a stressful situation, and to examine the generality of certain hypotheses derived from a theoretical framework… . The results provide encouraging evidence as to the validity of certain anxiety indicators and support the theoretical assumptions from which most of them were derived." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computation of the structural invariants of linear multivariable systems with an extended version of the program zeros

The structural invariants like finite and infinite zeros play an important role in many problems in the analysis of linear systems. In [1] Emami-Naeini and Van Dooren presented the program zeros for computing the finite zeros of a linear system, which in the author's opinion is at present the best commonly available program for this problem. Such a program does not exist for computing the other structural invariants, like the infinite zeros and the Kronecker indices. This paper presents an extended version of the program zeros, which computes the finite zeros as well as the other structural invariants.     

Distinct element analysis of attrition of granular solids under shear deformation

The attrition of spherical particles in a periodic cell under shear straining is analysed by distinct element method (DEM). The damage mechanisms of surface wear and fragmentation are under consideration. The side crushing strength (SCS) of single particles is used as the criterion for fragmentation. For surface damage, the abrasive wear by the formation of lateral cracks during shearing is calculated using a model of chipping for the semi-brittle failure mode. The contributions to attrition by surface wear and particle fragmentation are therefore decoupled and quantified. The simulation results are then compared with the experimental data reported previously.The contribution of fragmentation to the overall attrition is found to be dominant over the full range of strains tested in this work in agreement with the experimental data. The extent of attrition predicted by the simulations compares generally well with the experimental data except at the lowest normal stress and at high shear strains. For the former, the reason for the poor agreement is unclear. For the latter, the difference is attributed to the presence of fragments and debris as they affect the contact force distribution and this feature has not been simulated. The parametric sensitivity analyses indicate that the simulation results are sensitive to particle properties such as Young's modulus and the coefficient of friction. Therefore, careful material characterisation is necessary in order to get reliable predictions. The effect of the shear strain rate on particle breakage has also been examined by simulation. The results indicate that the rate of attrition is not sensitive to strain rates normally used for shear cell tests, i.e., of order of .     

Neuro-fuzzy techniques for the classification of earthquake damages in buildings

The identification of damages produced by severe earthquakes on constructions is important for several reasons such as public safety, economical recourses management, infrastructure and urban planning. After the manifestation of an earthquake, engineers have to evaluate the safety of existing structures and decide the actions to be taken. In this study two techniques are proposed for automatic damage classification in buildings. The inherent information contained in accelerograms is described by 20 seismic parameters. Two classification models of earthquake damages based on artificial neural networks and neuro-fuzzy systems were designed. Furthermore, they were tested for their effectiveness to classify structural, architectural, mechanical–electrical-plumbing and contents damages. The proposed systems were trained and tested with three reinforced concrete frame structures. Results show correct classification rates up to 98%. According to these classification rates these techniques are proven a suitable tool for classification of earthquake damages in structures.