A smooth bootstrapping based technique for evaluating distribution system reliability indices neglecting random interruption duration

Average interruption duration, interruption duration per year and failure rate at a load point are the basic reliability indices required to be evaluated. These indices depend on failure rate and average repair time of each feeder. Usually in reliability assessment of distribution system failure and repair rates are assumed constant. Further it has been observed that random outage time may be neglected at load point. This has been an important issue in determining the modified reliability indices accounting random outage time. Hence this paper presents a methodology to determine basic reliability indices subject to neglecting of certain repair time which is truly a random variable. The methodology is based on smooth boot strapping technique along with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The developed algorithm has been implemented on two sample test systems. The results obtained has been compared those with MCS and obtained with general boot strapping.     

基于DOW指数法的己内酰胺生产工艺安全分析

根据道化学(DOW)火灾、爆炸指数评价方法对己内酰胺主要危险单元进行安全评价,确定其FEI危险等级,对危险等级高的单元进行安全补偿,降低其危险等级,为装置的安全运行提供了可靠保障。     

Systematic mapping of Leaf Area Index across Canada using 250-meter MODIS data

An approach to generate a 250-meter Canada wide Leaf Area Index (LAI) map using 250-meter MODIS data is described. The full processing chain is introduced. The approach is based on intercalibration of Landsat and MODIS vegetation indices (VI's) combined with LAI-VI's empirical relationships. Preliminary validation over two sites where field work was carried out shows promising results. Intercalibration of MODIS VI's before deriving LAI maps provides up to 65% improvement of the LAI overall accuracy.     

Development of fuzzy process accuracy index for decision making problems

Several statistical decision making tools and methods are available to organize evidence, evaluate risks, and aid in decision making. Process capability indices are the summary statistics to point out the process performance. In this paper, these indices are analyzed to obtain a new decision making tool. Process accuracy index (C_a) measures the degree of process centering and gives alerts when the process mean departures from the target value. It focuses on the location of process mean and the distance between mean and target value. We modify the traditional process accuracy index to obtain a new tool under fuzziness. With the proposed tool, specification limits and process mean can be defined as triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The proposed tool is illustrated to solve a supplier selection problem.     

Survey of qualitative traits of European sea bass cultivated in different rearing systems

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main qualitative traits of European sea bass fattened in farms adopting different rearing techniques (offshore cages, inshore cages, land‐based basins) but fed the same diets in each production cycle, in a three year survey (2006, 2007, 2008). Three farms were chosen for each rearing technique and two sampling sessions of ten fish each were carried out for each rearing cycle. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content were evaluated in the fillet of marketable size fish as well as morpho‐biometric parameters and indices. Diets administered in 2008 had higher amounts of lipids, lower proportions of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and higher proportions of n–6 PUFA compared to 2006 and 2007 diets. The chemical and fatty acid composition of the fish fillet was affected by the diet composition: fish fattened in 2008 exhibited statistically higher amounts of fat and cholesterol, lower proportions of n–3 PUFA and higher proportions of n–6 PUFA in comparison with fish cultivated in 2006 and 2007. Fish cultivated in cages, both offshore and inshore cages, exhibited leaner fillets, lower amounts of cholesterol and higher proportions of n–3 PUFA than fish cultivated in basins. Practical applications: In this study we have analyzed the combined effects of feeding and rearing systems of sea bass in a 3‐year survey for the first time. The results showed that feeding is the main factor affecting fish quality as regards both the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile. The partial substitution of fish meal and fish oil with vegetable sources, with the aim of saving the wild fish biomass as well as formulating less expensive diets, strongly alters the fillet composition. We also showed that the rearing system of fish in offshore cages makes it is possible to obtain better quality products.     

低碳生态视角下的老街更新设计——永康“老城特色文化街区”规划设计的启示

从永康项目规划任务的6次调整得到启示,探讨老街更新的评价和设计。通过将两大绿色社区指标与规划调整的问题进行比对,初步建立起老街更新的评价指标,并将这些指标运用于该项目最近的规划设计,验证了低碳生态视角下老街更新设计的必要性和可行性。     

A study of the ash production behavior of spent limestone powders in CFBC

Spent limestone particles in a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) may show a bottom-ash-pro (BAP) behavior or a fly-ash-pro (FAP) behavior. In this study, two spent limestone particles showing the BAP behavior and two spent limestone particles showing the FAP behavior in a 125 MW CFBC are characterized based on their total pore volume and specific surface area before and after 800 °C calcination. Provided that the limestone primary fragmentation does not significantly affect the particle size distribution immediately after CFBC injection, the limestone particles having a relatively porous structure after 800 °C calcination show a BAP behavior in a CFBC.     

A DFT Study of Electronic Structures and Relative Stabilities of Isomeric n,m-Diazaphenanthrenes

ABSTRACT

In this study, the structural properties, energetic data, and classification of the chemical properties of n,m-diazaphenanthrine derivatives were studied by a density functional theory (DFT) method. The important and proper indices were applied in this investigation. The structures, electronic properties, and chemical reactivities of 25 isomeric n,m-diazaphenanthrenes were studied by a B3LYP/6–31+G(d) method/basis set. All the optimized geometries of these isomers kept good planarity. The structural properties such as bond lengths and dipole moments of these isomers were calculated. The energies of frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) are used to determine several chemical reactivity parameters as a measure of their relative stabilities. These include total energy (E), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), chemical softness (S), electronic chemical potentials (μ), and electrophilicity (ω). Based on these calculations, the heats of formation (ΔH°_f) for all the n,m-diazaphenanthrine derivatives are predicted. Benzo[h]quinazoline (P₁₃) and benzo[f]cinnoline (P₃₄) are calculated to be the most stable and the least stable isomers, respectively. 1,10-Phenanthroline (P₁₁₀) possesses the minimum electrophilicity, while benzo[c]cinnoline (P₅₆) is calculated to have the highest electrophilicity among the isomeric structures. The largest and smallest dipole moments are calculated for benzo[f]phthalazine (P₂₃) and 3,8-phenanthroline (P₃₈), respectively. Linear relationships between the calculated E_LUMO (in eV) values and electrophilicity (ω) of the isomeric n,m-diazaphenanthrenes were observed.     

铥镱镥富集物萃取分离优化工艺与传统工艺分析比较

针对传统的铥、镱、镥富集物萃取分离工艺存在的问题,以0.5mol/LC272 0.5mol/LP507的新型混合萃取剂代替单一使用P507萃取剂,采用先进行Tm/Lu粗分离,再进行Tm/Yb和Yb/Lu细分离的优化工艺,降低了酸、碱消耗,改善了操作条件.实践证明,该优化工艺可节省酸碱40%以上.