旱情评估指标研究简介及探讨

干旱灾害是我国发生最为频繁、影响范围较大,并造成严重危害的一种气象灾害。由于干旱自身的复杂性及对社会影响的广泛性,干旱指标的确定和分析对干旱的监测及评估有重要的意义,同时也为全球变化中的气候一植被关系研究提供方法和依据。将干旱指标从气象、水文、农业和社会经济4方面进行综述,介绍了国内外干旱指标研究现状及最新动态,并指出其优势和不足,以此提出今后干旱指标研究重点与展望。     

G-Systems and Holomorphic Principal Bundles on Riemann Surfaces

We consider the so-called G-systems for functions with values in a Lie group G which are generalizations of regular systems of ordinary linear differential equations. The Riemann-Hilbert monodromy problem is studied in detail together with the Riemann-Hilbert nonlinear boundary problem. We also establish some properties of the moduli space of complex structures on a principal bundle over a Riemann surface and discuss their connections with the Beltrami equation and generalized analytic functions.     

Optical properties of higher and lower refractive index composites in solar selective coatings

The focus of attention in this study was the choice of material for optically solar selective coatings on the basis of their optical constants. A computer programme which calculates the optical constants, solar absorptance at air mass (AM)-2, α, and thermal emittance at 300 K, , of the 200-nm-thick selective coating on the assumption of both the Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman theories for the metallic volume fraction below and above 0.3 respectively, was used to design the structure of the composite films. Two systems of composite thin films of metal and dielectric were investigated experimentally, fabricated by RF and DC sputter coater and were verified with computer simulations. One system consist of lower refractive index composites such as Ni : SiO₂ and the other of higher refractive index composites such as V : Al₂O₃ in the spectral range of 0.3–20 μm. These films were fabricated on infrared reflective substrates such as nickel plated copper or aluminium. Results of the copper substrates are being presented here. For comparison and verification, tungsten, cobalt and chromium based composites, having different refractive indices, were also investigated which validated the concept of the choice of material in selective coatings. It was observed that high refractive index composites have lower reflective properties by choosing suitable metallic volume fraction in dielectric and antireflection coating. The higher value of the imaginary part of refractive index, k, is responsible for higher absorption by a factor α_λ=4πk/λ. Solar absorptance of 0.98 and 0.96 was achieved by simulation and experimental findings with less than 0.05 thermal emittance for 200 nm thick composites of V : Al₂O₃. It results that higher values of both n and k of the material are more suitable in solar selective coatings.     

Climate change mitigation with integration of renewable energy resources in the electricity grid of New South Wales,Australia

The implementation of climate change mitigation strategies may significantly affect the current practices for electricity network operation. Increasing penetration of renewable energy generation technologies into electricity networks is one of the key mitigation strategies to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Additional climate change mitigation strategies can also contribute to emission reduction thereby supplementing the renewable energy generation participation, which may be limited due to technical constraints of the network. In this paper, the penetration requirements for different renewable energy generation resources are assessed while concurrently examining other mitigation strategies to reduce overall emissions from electricity networks and meet requisite targets. The impacts of climate change mitigation strategies on the demand and generation mix are considered for facilitating the penetration of renewable generation. New climate change mitigation indices namely change in average demand, change in peak demand, generation flexibility and generation mix have been proposed to measure the level of emission reduction by incorporating different mitigation strategies. The marginal emissions associated with the individual generation technologies in the state of New South Wales (NSW) are modelled and the total emissions associated with the electricity grid of NSW are evaluated.     

基于脂肪酸特征指标的鳕鱼肝油掺假鉴定

通过分析鳕鱼肝油中各脂肪酸的相对含量及特征指标变化规律,建立鳕鱼肝油掺假鱼油的鉴定方法。鳕鱼肝油中所含脂肪酸经柱前衍生转化为甲酯后进行气相色谱测定,采用面积归一化法计算各脂肪酸相对总脂肪酸的相对含量。根据多样本脂肪酸相对含量分析结果,找出能有效识别掺假的特征性指标二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）/二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA）值和鲸蜡烯酸相对含量,并确定其限度范围,DHA/EPA值为1.40～1.68,鲸蜡烯酸相对含量为7.0%～9.4%。当鳕鱼肝油样品中测得的DHA/EPA值和（或）鲸蜡烯酸相对含量超过此限度时,可初步判定该样品掺假鱼油。为进一步有效识别掺假水平,本研究探索建立一种以DHA/EPA值和鲸蜡烯酸相对含量为坐标的掺假模型,并绘制不同掺假水平的识别分析图,46 批样品经鉴定,有2 批样品疑似掺假25%的鱼油。该鉴定方法准确可靠、直观简便,可用于鳕鱼肝油中掺假鱼油的快速鉴定。     

单料烤烟烟气粒相物与质量评价指标间的相关性研究

对湖南主产烟区烟叶物理性状、化学成分、外观质量、评吸质量及烟气粒相物组分进行了评定和检测,采用简单相关分析方法,探索了烤烟质量指标与烟气粒相物组分的定量相关关系,探讨了关于烟叶质量评价指标对烟气粒相物组分影响的许多定性描述。     

A novel method to investigate voltage stability of IEEE-14 bus wind integrated system using PSAT

The maximum demand of power utilization is increasing exponentially from base load to peak load in day to day life. This power demand may be either industrial usage or household applications. To meet this high maximum power demand by the consumer, one of the options is the integration of renewable energy resources with conventional power generation methods. In the present scenario, wind energy system is one of the methods to generate power in connection with the conventional power systems. When the load on the conventional grid system increases, various bus voltages of the system tend to decrease, causing serious voltage drop or voltage instability within the system. In view of this, identification of weak buses within the system has become necessary. This paper presents the line indices method to identify these weak buses, so that some corrective action may be taken to compensate for this drop in voltage. An attempt has been made to compensate these drops in voltages by integration of renewable energy systems. The wind energy system at one of the bus in the test system is integrated and the performance of the system is verified by calculating the power flow (PF) using the power system analysis tool box (PSAT) and line indices of the integrated test system. The PF and load flow results are used to calculate line indices for the IEEE-14 bus test system which is simulated on PSAT.     

Longitudinal corneal tomographical changes in eyes of patients with unilateral and bilateral non-progressive keratoconus

AimTo evaluate the tomographic indices changes in keratoconic eyes which were classified as unilateral and bilateral non-progressive keratoconus according to the definition of Global Consensus on keratoconus and ectatic disease.MethodsFifty non-progressive fellow eyes of 50 keratoconus patients who underwent corneal cross-linking treatment for the other progressive eyes (group 1), 50 eyes of 50 keratoconus patients who were followed up as bilateral non-progressive keratoconus (group 2), and 50 eyes of 50 control subjects (group 3) were included in this retrospective study. Topographic, topometric, and Belin–Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display-III indices were recorded at baseline and after six months.ResultsGroups were similar in terms of age and gender. The changes in topographic parameters and topometric indices were similar among the three groups (p > 0.05 for all values). The maximum pachymetric progression index (PPI_max), maximum Ambrósio relational thickness (ART_max), and final D significantly increased at sixth-months in group 1 (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, and p = 0.02 respectively) but did not change in groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05 for all values). ART_max, PPI_max, and final D value changes indicated a statistically significant difference among the groups using the one-way ANOVA test (p = 0.03, p = 0.007, and p = 0.03 respectively). The Bonferroni posttest revealed that these values increased at a higher rate in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, and p = 0.04 respectively) and group 3 (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, and p = 0.04, respectively).ConclusionsFellow eyes of keratoconus patients who have underwent CXL for their progressive eyes may be more prone to progress than the patients who have no progression in both eyes. Screening unilateral non-progressive patients more closely than those with bilateral non-progressive patients and evaluating the changes in final D, ART_max, and PPI_max values may be helpful in the follow up of non-progressive keratoconus.     

Impact of UV‐C Light on the Fatty Acid Profile and Oxidative Stability of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fillets

The influence of different ultraviolet (UV‐C) doses (0.103 and 0.305 J/cm²) was investigated by instrumental color parameters, pH, lipid, and protein oxidations, fatty acids (FA) composition and biogenic amines (BAs) in Nile tilapia fillets during 11 d at 4 ± 1 °C. The UV‐C treatment increased (P < 0.05) a^* values and protein oxidation in a dose‐dependent manner, and delayed (P < 0.05) the formation of BAs over the course of the storage period. L^* values and lipid oxidation were not influenced (P > 0.05) by UV‐C light. Fillets treated with a low UV‐C dose exhibited greater (P < 0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than their untreated counterparts. Therefore, a low UV‐C dose can be recommended in tilapia fillets as an alternative processing method to control pH and BAs, as well as improve the total PUFA amount and overall nutritional quality.