典型半潜式平台结构的微振子捕能特性研究北大核心CSCD

半潜式平台在海洋资源开发领域应用前景广阔,但存在平台设备能源供给不足的问题。本研究把常见的半潜式平台简化为三种典型的浮式基础,将波浪能发电装置集成至浮式基础,建立浮式基础与浮子耦合的运动方程,利用水动力仿真软件AQWA开展数值模拟和参数化分析,获得了波浪方向、浮式基础的截面形状、浮子直径以及浮子与浮式基础间距等因素对浮子捕能特性的影响规律。结果表明,四棱柱浮式基础在特定波浪方向下能够增强微阵列浮子的捕能效果,三棱柱浮式基础使微阵列浮子更好地适应各个方向的波浪激励,圆柱浮式基础以遮蔽效应为主,较大程度上减弱了浮子的捕能特性;不同波浪方向对四棱柱浮式基础、三棱柱浮式基础周围的浮子影响较大,而对基于圆柱浮式基础的微阵列浮子影响不大;通过增加浮子的直径以及浮子距圆柱浮式基础的距离,能够有效提高微阵列浮子平均输出功率。本研究可为半潜式平台与波浪能发电装置的集成提供参考。     

Nanoscale Lacing by Electrons

The ability to harness the optical or electrical properties of nanoscale particles depends on their assembly in terms of size and spatial characteristics which remains challenging due to lack of size focusing. Electrons provide a clean and focusing agent to initiate the assembly of nanoclusters or nanoparticles. Here an intriguing route is demonstrated to lace gold nanoclusters and nanoparticles in string assembly through electron‐initiated nucleation and aggregative growth of Au(I)‐thiolate motifs on a thin film substrate. This size‐focused assembly is demonstrated by controlling the electron dose under transmission electron microscopic imaging conditions. The Au(I)‐thiolate motifs, in combination with the molecularly mediated alignment, facilitate the interstring electrostatic and intrastring aurophilic interactions, which functions as a molecular template to aid electron‐initiated 1D lacing. The findings demonstrate a hierarchical route for the 1D assemblies with size and spatial tunable catalytic, optical, sensing, and diagnostic properties.     

Examination of Au/SnO2 core-shell architecture nanoparticle for low temperature gas sensing applications

Au/SnO₂ core-shell structure nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using two methods, microwave and conventional precipitation. In both cases, the size of the Au core was 12-18 nm and the thickness of the SnO₂ shell was 8-12 nm. The particle size of SnO₂ synthesized using the microwave and precipitation method was 3-5 nm and 1-2 nm, respectively. Upon heating to 400-600 °C, both particles maintained their core-shell morphology but the smaller SnO₂ particles prepared using the precipitation method were more sintered. The resistance changes in films of these particles were measured as a function of CO concentration. The Au/SnO₂ particles prepared using the microwave method showed higher sensor response than those prepared using the precipitation method, even providing a significant signal at testing temperatures approaching ambient conditions, thereby affording a new class of material for gas sensing. Both sets of core-shell particles showed higher sensor response than the SnO₂ nanoparticles. The role of the Au core as a catalyst in improving the adsorption and oxidation of CO gas is important for improving the low temperature response. In addition, the maintenance of the size of SnO₂ in the microwave method during sintering contributed to the higher response towards CO sensing.     

Gene subset selection in microarray data using entropic filtering for cancer classification

Abstract: In this work an entropic filtering algorithm (EFA) for feature selection is described, as a workable method to generate a relevant subset of genes. This is a fast feature selection method based on finding feature subsets that jointly maximize the normalized multivariate conditional entropy with respect to the classification ability of tumours. The EFA is tested in combination with several machine learning algorithms on five public domain microarray data sets. It is found that this combination offers subsets yielding similar or much better accuracies than using the full set of genes. The solutions obtained are of comparable quality to previous results, but they are obtained in a maximum of half an hour computing time and use a very low number of genes.     

中国微米纳米 花状Au-SnO2复合材料的制备及其对甲醛气敏性能的研究

利用水热法合成了花状SnO2微米材料,并以它作为基体,对其进行Au纳米颗粒修饰,得到了花状Au-SnO2复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析等表征手段对所制备的Au-SnO2复合材料进行了表征分析,结果表明,这种花状结构的材料是由厚度为30 nm～60 nm的SnO2纳米片自组装而成,其尺寸为1 μm～2 μm.同时,我们用花状SnO2和Au修饰的花状SnO2复合材料对1×10-6～500×10-6的甲醛进行了气敏性能测试.结果表明,通过Au修饰,花状SnO2对甲醛的气敏性能有了极大的提高.当甲醛浓度为200×10-6时,其灵敏度(Ra/Rg)约为120,是花状SnO2敏感材料的8倍,表现出很高的响应.另外,由Au修饰的花状SnO2复合材料制成的敏感元件对甲醛表现出良好的选择性.这可能归因于Au纳米颗粒高效的催化活性促进了甲醛气体的扩散和O2的吸附,从而使其表现出更加优异的气敏性能.     

新型Au/TiO_2纳米管的制备及其在化学需氧量测定中的应用研究

该文首次用光电催化的方法,在TiO2纳米管中嵌入金纳米粒子,新材料可以促进界面间电子的传递,有助于电子和空穴对的分离,进而提高光催化效率.对Au/TiO2纳米管进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM),色散型X射线能谱(EDX)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征,结果表明金纳米粒子被成功嵌入TiO2纳米管中,形成蜂窝状结构.将该材料首次用于光电催化法化学需氧量(COD)的测定,发现该传感器的光电流值在1～800mg/L范围内与COD值有良好的线性响应,检测限为0.3 mg/L.利用该传感器测定实际水样的COD值,结果与传统的K2Cr2O7标准方法有较好的一致性.     

Proteomics integrated with Escherichia coli vector-based vaccines and antigen microarrays reveals the immunogenicity of a surface sialidase-like protein of Propionibacterium acnes

Proteomics is a powerful tool for the identification of proteins, which provides a basis for rational vaccine design. However, it is still a highly technical and time‐consuming task to examine a protein's immunogenicity utilizing traditional approaches. Here, we present a platform for effectively evaluating protein immunogenicity and antibody detection. A tetanus toxin C fragment (Tet‐c) was used as a representative antigen to establish this platform. A cell wall‐anchoring sialidase‐like protein (SLP) of Propionibacterium acnes was utilized to assess the efficacy of this platform. We constructed an Escherichia coli vector‐based vaccine by overexpressing Tet‐c or SLP in E. coli and utilized an intact particle of E. coli itself as a vaccine (E. coli Tet‐c or SLP vector). After ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the E. coli vector‐based vaccines were administered intranasally into imprinting control region mice without adding exogenous adjuvants. For antibody detection, we fabricated antigen microarrays by printing with purified recombinant proteins including Tet‐c and SLP. Our results demonstrated that detectable antibodies were elicited in mice 6 weeks after intranasal administration of UV‐irradiated E. coli vector‐based vaccines. The antibody production of Tet‐c and SLP was significantly elevated after boosting. Notably, the platform with main benefits of using E. coli itself as a vaccine carrier provides a critical template for applied proteomics aimed at screening novel vaccine targets. In addition, the novel immunogenic SLP potentially serves as an antigen candidate for the development of vaccines targeting P. acnes‐associated diseases.     

Screening of serum samples from Wegener's granulomatosis patients using antibody microarrays

Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is an idiopathic granulomatosis autoimmune vasculitis that primarily affects small vessels and is associated with glomerulonephritis and pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis. Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic auto‐antibodies (cANCA) against proteinase‐3 are used to identify WG, but ANCA titers are not present in some patients with the localized disease. The objective of this study was to develop an antibody array to help identify protein expression patterns in serum from patients with WG as compared to normals. The arrays were tested for limits of detection, background, and cross reactivity using standard proteins. The arrays were hybridized with either normal patient serum (n = 30) or with serum samples from a population of WG patients (n = 26) that were age and sex matched. Data analysis and curve fitting of the standard dilution series calculated r² values and determined a sensitivity of <50 pg/mL for the majority of proteins. A total of 24 proteins were assessed. Several statistically significant increases (p<0.05) were seen in the expression of: angiotensin converting enzyme‐I, IFN‐γ, IL‐8, s‐ICAM‐1 and s‐VCAM in WG patients as compared to controls. Utilizing the antibody microarray technology has led to the identification of potential biomarkers of vascular injury in the serum of WG patients.     

Proteomic expression profiling of thyroid neoplasms

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm with multiple histologic subtypes, each associated with different treatments and outcomes. Differentiating benign neoplasms such as follicular adenomas from malignant entities such as follicular carcinomas and papillary carcinoma can be challenging. To define the proteomic profile of different thyroid tumors, we screened an antibody array of 330 features against five thyroid neoplasms: follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma as well as normal thyroid epithelium. Eight candidate biomarkers; c-erbB-2, Stat5a, Annexin IV, IL-11, RARα, FGF7, Caspase 9, and phospho-c-myc were identified as differentially expressed on the antibody array, and validated with immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, with a total of 144 samples of the same variety of thyroid neoplasms. Analysis revealed c-erbB-2, Annexin IV, and Stat5a have potential clinical utility to differentiate follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma from each other. By using an antibody array as a discovery platform and a tissue microarray as a first step in validation on a large number of specimens, we have identified new markers that have potential utility in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.