周家山隧道施工量测及应用

依托周家山隧道工程,阐述了新奥法施工中变形监测方案、量测数据分析以及对施工的指导作用,指出通过变形监测数据,可有效的指导隧道衬砌、预报地质险情、调整施工进度、选择施工方案。     

Scenarios for the Austrian food chain in 2020 and its landscape impacts

How the future landscape will look depends particularly on the outcome of the socio-economically motivated decisions of farmers, food processors, retailers and consumers, all members of the food supply chain. However, a long-term perspective on the food supply chain and its landscape effects is confronted with a great deal of uncertainty and data constraints. These difficulties can be partly avoided by using the personal judgements of agents whose decisions control the structure of present and future food supply chains. A well-established agent-based method for dealing with and describing variation in the future is the method of scenario planning. The aim of this paper is to present the application of the scenario approach to the Austrian food supply chain in 2020 and its landscape impacts. A critical discussion of the scenarios should reflect their explanatory power regarding future development options for landscapes. The first section of the paper outlines the interactions between society, the food supply chain and the landscape in a conceptual model. It describes the applied scenario technique and the research setting involving agents from agriculture, the food industry, retailing, gastronomy, and consumer organisations. Four scenarios for the food chain in 2020 are presented (Liberal Market Scenario, Protective Policy Scenario, Fast World Scenario, Slow World Scenario) and their respective consequences and strategies are discussed. The scenario technique used is found to be a useful means of gathering and structuring disperse expert knowledge. The paper concludes that—despite some methodological limitations—scenarios can deal with uncertainty concerning the socio-economic driving forces of landscape change and therefore can be used as a preliminary step in formulating robust strategies for landscape management.     

Non-profit housing,a tool for metropolitan cohesion? The case of the Vienna–Bratislava region

Non-profit housing has a long history both in Austria and in Slovakia, even if recent socio-economic and political transformations question this model born in the nineteenth century. This type of housing is considered as affordable housing according to a generalist conception in Austria and a residual one in Slovakia. But in spite of divergences in their national housing policies, both countries are facing common challenges which are epitomised in the Vienna–Bratislava region. This article analyses the role of non-profit housing in bringing more cohesion to a growing but fragmented metropolitan region.     

25 Jahre ÖFEG und die Zukunft der Vermittlungstechnik in Österreich

Evolution happens to come in waves. At the end of the seventies, technology was ready for digitalization of the telecommunication network. The Austrian PTT in cooperation with the Austrian telecommunications industry founded in a jointventure a company for dealing with this huge project. ÖFEG successfully led the project to its important milestone in 1985: the deployment of the first two digital switches in Vienna. Further evolution included the introduction of SS7, OAM, the ISDN and the Intelligent Network. The director of ÖFEG takes the 25^th anniversary of ÖFEG as an opportunity to review the history of the company and to muse about the future in a time, when many “100-year” events collide. The further evolution of the deregulated market will be heavily influenced by the transition from circuit to packet, voice to data and fixed to mobile.     

Sustainable hydrogen society – Vision,findings and development of a hydrogen economy using the example of Austria

Based on technical, environmental, economic and social facts and recent findings, the feasibility of the transition from our current fossil age to the new green age is analyzed in detail at both global and local level. To avert the threats of health problems, environmental pollution and climate change to our quality and standard of life, a twofold radical paradigm shift is outlined: Green Energy Revolution means the complete change from fossil-based to green primary energy sources such as sun, wind, water, environmental heat, and biomass; Green Hydrogen Society means the complete change from fossil-based final energy to green electricity and green hydrogen in all areas of mobility, industries, households and energy services. Renewable energies offer a green future and are in combination with electrochemical machines such as electrolysers, batteries and fuel cells able to achieve higher efficiencies and zero emissions.     

100 Year City (Maribor): The Virtual Concourse Reframed

For interactivity, the virtual world so often relies on a physical component, but how might virtual spaces be made more tangible as spatial environments for exchange? Under the direction of architect and RMIT University professor Tom Kovac, in 2012 the 100 Year City project rose to this challenge as part of the Maribor European Capital of Culture programme. Here, Guest-Editor and Deputy Curator of the project, Fleur Watson , describes how this ‘super studio’ incites cross-disciplinary exchange and the sharing of progressive design ideas for sustainable blueprints for our cities. It is an initiative that is to be continued under Kovac's directorship with the 100 Year City-themed Malaysian Biennale in the summer of 2015.     

奥地利法律教育的基本元素

法律教育在很大程度上是特定法律制度的产物，文化差异决定着一个国家的法学教育。但是，法律教育除了文化差异之外，还应当具有“基本元素”上的统一性，即教育目标、教育载体（法学院）、知识体系（课程）、师资水平（法学教授）等。奥地利的法学教育既保留了自己的文化传统，又具备了这些基本元素，因此是一种成功的法律教育模式。它强调一切法律从业人员应当在法学院接受一种广博而统一的法律专业教育，即一种通识教育。为此，其法学教育的制度设计和实践运行机制全部围绕这一目标而展开，具有自己的特征。认识奥地利法学教育的基本元素也许在一定程度上能为我国法学教育的改善提供借鉴。     

希斯科维奇＆科娃斯基建筑作品及风格评述

米歇尔·希斯科维奇(MichaelSzyszkowitz,1944-)和卡拉·科娃斯基(KarlaKowalski,1941-)是奥地利当代著名的建筑师。作为学者和建筑师,他们已经形成其独特的建筑理念,完成了大量优秀的建筑作品,尤其在住宅、改扩建和学校建筑等领域有突出的表现。文章主要介绍希斯科维奇&科娃斯基的建筑作品和设计哲学。     

巴洛克建筑师约翰·伯恩哈德·费舍尔·冯·埃尔拉赫和奥地利“中国风”(Chinoiserie)建筑

奥地利建筑师约翰·伯恩哈德费舍尔冯埃尔拉赫(Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach,1656-1723)是欧洲巴洛克时期哈布斯堡王朝(Habsburg Monarchy)的重要建筑师之一。令人感兴趣的是他的一些设计作品表现出与中国之间的明显联系。同时他也是欧洲最早公开出版的世界建筑史图册《历史性建筑的设计》(A Planof Civil and Historical Architecture,1721)的作者,此书第一次将中国和泰国作为世界建筑的一部分进行比较研究。本文介绍此位奥地利建筑师的生平和工作,并分析他和中国以及中国式风格建筑的关系。文章第一部分从西方建筑传统的大背景下讨论费舍尔的建筑成就。第二部分,研究在欧洲中国风背景下他的建筑活动,并介绍奥地利中国式建筑风格体系的构成。