Study of Bake Hardenability and Strengthening Mechanism of Hot Rolled Low Carbon Steel

The controlled rolling and controlled cooling,bake hardening experiments have been carried out for the test steel,mechanical property test of the sample and microstructure analysis have been made by tensile testing machine,optical microscope,TEM and X-ray diffractometer.The results show that fine and uniform microstructures can achieve much higher BH and BHT values;With the increase of pre-strain there is a trend of increase first and then decrease in the BH and BHT values;bake hardening mechanism mainly consists of Cottrell atmosphere strengthening,second phase strengthening,dislocation strengthening.     

Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of China

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources. The composition of propolis depends on time, vegetation, and the area of collection. This study examined the antioxidant activity of propolis from various areas of China: Heilongjiang, Neimongol, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan and Hainan. Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared and evaluated for their antioxidant activities by β-carotene bleaching, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging, and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization assays. Furthermore, the major constituents in EEP were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with a photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection, and each component was quantitatively analyzed. All propolis samples except that from Yunnan had relatively strong antioxidant activity accompanied by high total polyphenol contents. Propolis with strong antioxidant activity contained large amounts of antioxidative compounds, such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester. On the other hand, propolis from Yunnan and Hainan had compounds not present in propolis from other areas.     

Food Additives Reducing Volatility of Antioxidants at Frying Temperature

At frying temperature, antioxidants are lost not only by reaction with radicals formed by oil oxidation but also by decomposition and evaporation before they are able to exert antioxidant activity. In this study, it was hypothesized that an additive that can bind or interact with an antioxidant could reduce volatility of the antioxidant at frying temperature. Three synthetic antioxidants, tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which have relatively high volatility, were used as antioxidants in this study to examine the hypothesis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments showed that all 22 additives tested in this study effectively reduced volatility of the antioxidants. An NMR study showed that signals of BHT shifted by addition of an additive, evidencing the interaction between the two substances in the chloroform solution. To examine the effect of these interactions on antioxidant activity, heating tests were conducted with soybean oil (SBO) containing 200 ppm antioxidants at 180 °C. Oxidation was monitored with ¹H NMR for loss of olefinic protons and bisallylic protons in SBO and with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for polymerized triacylglycerols (PTAG). Improved antioxidant activity of the antioxidants were observed when combined with several additives tested in this study, and HPLC analysis showed that the antioxidants were effectively reserved by the additives in SBO during the heating process. The concentrations of the antioxidants retained in SBO were relatively well correlated with the antioxidant activity.     

抗氧剂GS在稀土顺丁橡胶(NdBR)中的应用

以2-[1-(2-羟基-3,5-二特戊基苯基)-乙基]-4,6-二特戊基苯基丙烯酸酯(简称GS)作为稀土顺丁橡胶NdBR的防老剂,添加量为生胶质量的0.25%,制成实验胶样。100℃进行了热氧老化实验,老化时间84 h,测试其在热氧老化过程中门尼黏度和凝胶质量分数的变化。用差式扫描量热法(DSC)评价胶样在140℃加速氧化中的抗老化性能。与添加抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)0.65%(质量分数)的胶样相比,GS作为抗氧剂的胶样,凝胶质量分数为11.9%、门尼黏度ML(1+4)100℃为51.8、氧化诱导期为110.9 min,而BHT的凝胶质量分数为59.7%、门尼黏度ML(1+4)100℃为75.2、氧化诱导期为68.5 min。热重法分析了抗氧剂GS、BHT的热稳定性,其热失重温度分别为230、100℃。     

GC-MS快速测定塑胶包装材料中的BHT

本方法采用超声溶剂提取包装材料中的抗氧化剂BHT（2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚）,毛细管柱气相质谱法对样品中的BHT进行定性和定量。方法检测限为0．1mg／kg,包装材料中的平均加标回收率为90．0％-105％。方法简捷、快速、准确,适用于包装材料中BHT的快速检测。     

迷迭香、茶多酚、VE对干腌火腿贮藏过程中抗脂质氧化及护色效果的研究

采用迷迭香、茶多酚、VE及其复合剂为抗氧化剂,喷淋于干腌火腿切块表面,研究其对切块火腿脂质抗氧化和护色的效果.结果表明:各处理组与空白对照差异显著(P<0.05).4个月后单一组茶多酚(T)、迷迭香(R)、VE(V)的过氧化值(POV)分别比空白对照降低了21%、51%、23%,TBARs值降低了12%、57%、36%;茶多酚+迷迭香(TR)、茶多酚+VE(TV)、迷迭香+VE(RV)的POV值分别降低了40%、39%、30%,TBARs值降低了46%、57%、48%.单一组中迷迭香抗氧化效果最佳(P<0.05),复合剂的相乘效用使其比单一组表现出更好的抗氧化效果(P<0.05),与BHT的效果相当.茶多酚(T)、迷迭香(R)、茶多酚+VE(TV)的护色效果显著(P<0.05).     

用分子包埋法对BHT进行微胶囊化研究及应用

本文研究以β-环糊精为壁材,采用超声波法对抗氧化剂BHT进行微胶囊化。以产品的包埋率、产率为评定指标,选取最佳心材与壁材的配比,最佳处理时间。结果表明:心材与壁材的最佳比例为12:88,最适超声波时间为45min。     

Correlation between plasma antioxidant capacity and verbascoside levels in rats after oral administration of lemon verbena extract

Phenylpropanoids are the main class of compounds from lemon verbena which have shown a wide biological activity, verbascoside being the most abundant one. In this work, the composition of a lemon verbena extract was elucidated by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and one flavone and one methoxylated phenylpropanoid were found in this source for the first time. The antioxidant activity of the lemon verbena extract was fully characterised by several methodologies. Unexpectedly, the extract was especially active in lipophilic environments and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, as it was found for pure verbascoside. The lemon verbena extract, containing verbascoside as its major bioactive compound, was acutely administered to rats and verbascoside was the only metabolite detected in plasma samples as measured by HPLC mass spectrometry. The correlation between the highest verbascoside concentration in plasma and maximum plasma antioxidant capacity was observed at 20 min as measured by different techniques, i.e. minimum malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, highest ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP value) and maximum superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Therefore, the in vitro measurements of the antioxidant activity of lemon verbena extract may significantly support the antioxidant activity observed in vivo in this work. Moreover, neither evidence of acute oral toxicity nor adverse effects were observed in mice when the lemon verbena extract containing 25% verbascoside was used at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg.     

Impact of limited drying on Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. aril carotenoids content and antioxidant activity

Food product based on gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) arils have a high potential due to the high carotenoids content of this fruit. Drying is a key preparation step for carotenoids extraction from gac fruit in a economically viable process. The impact of different drying technics, temperature, final product moisture content on the carotenoid content, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity (evaluated with three methods) and color of the gac arils is discussed based on laboratory scale experimental tests. The results highlight an optimal temperature between 50 °C and 60 °C to conserve the color, the carotenoid content and the antioxidant activity. Also, these properties are better preserved by limiting the drying to dry based moisture content between 15% and 18% while the advantages of drying for further processing and for refrigerated conservation for a few months are achieved.