河南渑池地区铝土矿工艺矿物学及锂的赋存状态研究

通过河南省渑池地区含锂铝土矿(岩)层工艺矿物学分析,查明铝土矿的物质组成、嵌布特征、伴生锂分布特征和赋存状态,为矿产综合利用提供理论依据。结果显示：该铝土矿Al2O3含量为54.8%,铝硅比值(A/S)为2.6,铝土矿层和粘土岩层中Li2O含量均高于伴生锂边界品位,粘土岩中锂更为富集;矿物组成除一水硬铝石之外,主要是以集合体形态产出的粘土矿物。采用稀酸解析、选矿测试和电子探针分析锂的赋存状态,查明矿石中锂主要是以类质同象置换形式赋存在伊利石和高岭石等粘土矿物中;选矿富锂尾矿中Li2O可富集到0.57%左右,是锂综合回收利用的重点研究对象。     

中国氧化铝工业面临的机遇和挑战

在深入分析世界氧化铝工业发展趋势的基础上,结合我国的铝土矿资源特点以及氧化铝工业的现状,指出了我国氧化铝工业所面临的新机遇和必须应对的严峻挑战,并对我国氧化铝工业为应对挑战所必须开展的研发工作进行了总结。     

低品位铁矾土综合利用的试验研究

作者开展了利用低品位铁矾土生产节能、早强水泥的研究,确定了其合理组成,取得了既能在1250℃的较低温度下烧成水泥熟料,又能较多地利用铁矾土的效果。同时研究还表明,该种水泥不仅早期强度较高,而且抗硫酸盐性能较好,具有良好的实用价值。针对C_4AF是否具有胶凝性这一有争议的问题,本文研究表明,烧结法所制得的C_4AF确实具有较好的胶凝性能;Cr~(a+)、Ni~(a+)、Ti~(4+)既可促进C_4AF的形成,又能提高其早期强度;二水石膏虽然能提高C_4AF的早期强度,但降低了其水化速率,特别是早期水化速率。C_4AF的性能受实验方法、实验条件影响较大,作者认为这可能是历来各家结果不一致的主要原因。     

CeO2 和MgO助烧剂对矾土基莫来石合成料烧结的影响

以高铝矾土碎矿(w(Al2O3)为75%~84%)和煤矸石(w(Al2O3)约45%)为原料,按矾土基莫来石合成料的设计成分要求(w(Al2O3)为68%~72%)进行配比,于1500~1700℃分别保温3h煅烧合成了矾土基莫来石,并分别研究了助烧剂CeO2和MgO单独加入,CeO2 MgO复合加入,复合加入时CeO2与MgO的比例以及复合加入量对矾土基莫来石合成料烧结性能的影响。结果表明:加入CeO2 MgO复合助烧剂比单独加入CeO2或MgO的促烧结效果要好,当CeO2 MgO外加量为0.75%,CeO2与MgO质量比为1/1时,可使试样的烧结温度降至1600℃(不加助烧剂的为1700℃),得到显气孔率0.9%,体积密度为2.84g·cm-3,荷重软化开始温度为1570℃的合成莫来石;显微结构分析表明,此合成料荷重软化温度较高的原因是发育良好的柱状莫来石构成了交错连锁的网络结构,同时TiO2大部分固溶在莫来石晶体中。     

热处理温度对莫来石-铝矾土浇注料性能的影响

以莫来石、铝矾土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥为结合系统,研究了不同热处理温度对莫来石—铝矾土浇注料性能的影响。结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,莫来石—铝矾土浇注料的体积密度减小;线变化率随着热处理温度的提高呈现收缩先增大后减小,最终出现膨胀的变化规律。莫来石—铝矾土浇注料的抗折强度随着热处理温度的提高先减小后增大;耐压强度随着热处理温度的提高先增大后减小。莫来石—铝矾土浇注料的热膨胀系数在450℃时出现最小值2.65×10-6℃-1。     

Effect of firing temperature and atmosphere on sintering of ceramics made from Bayer process bauxite residue

Bauxite residue, the principal waste from the Bayer process, was dried, pressed and studied for its thermal and sintering behaviour under different atmospheres, up to 1100 °C. For sintering in air and N₂, shrinkage begins at 800 °C and ranges from 2.6% to 13.9%, after firing at 1000–1100 °C. Bulk density varies from 1.7 to 2.3 g/cm³ whereas water absorption from 31.5% to 17.7%. The main crystalline phases identified on firing in air were hematite (Fe₂O₃), gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇) and perovskite (CaTiO₃) whereas magnetite (Fe₃O₄) was also found on firing in N₂. Microstructures are characterised by irregularly shaped, <20 μm Feret diameter, pores in a ceramic matrix with interconnected porosity. The average pore size is greater in samples fired in N₂. On sintering in 4%H₂/Ar, shrinkage begins at 710 °C. After firing at 1100 °C, shrinkage is 20.1% and water absorption 1%. The main crystalline phases are magnetite, wustite (FeO), gehlenite and perovskite. Microstructures are characterised by a compact heterogeneous matrix, with isolated <15 μm Feret diameter, closed pores. The grains have reacted with the adjacent phase and their shape is rounded with no sharp facets. Increased sintering temperature results in improved physical properties for all atmospheres tested and in higher average pore size when sintering takes place in air and N₂. The use of magnetite-reducing sintering conditions can potentially assist in the production of a variety of ceramic compositions containing bauxite residue.     

贵州省道真县大塘铝土矿矿石特征

本次对大塘铝土矿研究区进行矿石类型划分,对其矿物、化学成分等进行研究,得出矿石特征及成因。矿石矿物以铝矿物为主,隐晶、豆状、粒屑结构等,块状构造,其主要化学成分为Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、TS、TiO2。铝土矿石赋存层位为大竹园组,属Ⅳ-Ⅴ级品,产于遭受长期风化剥蚀的古陆边缘,为古风化壳沉积型矿床。     

Beneficiation and upgrading of coarse sized low-grade bauxite using a dry-based fluidized bed separator

Beneficiation and upgrading of low-grade bauxite is important to the subsequent extraction of Aluminum metal using Bayer process. The mineralogical characterization of diaspore bauxite sample used in this work was performed using various analysis approaches. The results indicated that the major components of raw sample were diaspore and kaolinite. The bauxite samples had high Al₂O₃ contents with low Al/Si ratios. A dry-based fluidized bed separator with FeSi powder as dense medium was used to beneficiate coarse sized bauxite. The basic fluidization tests suggested that −0.18 + 0.125 mm FeSi powder was appropriate for the fluidization stability, thus utilized as the dense medium for separation. The beneficiation experiments of various sized bauxite samples were investigated under various operational factors of separating time, static bed heights, and operational gas velocities. The upgrading performance of coarse sized bauxite indicated that the satisfied grade of concentrate could be obtained with a reasonable recovery of concentrate. Al/Si ratios were improved to 3.19, 4.53, and 3.66 for the bauxite samples with size fractions of −13 + 6 mm, −18 + 13 mm, and −25 + 18 mm, respectively. This work provided an alternative efficient method for the pretreatment of low-grade bauxite via discharging coarse waste gangue.     

铝土矿的化学选矿

介绍了铝土矿化学选矿的两个重要方法——原料预脱硅及焙烧预脱硅的发展历史、基本原理和应用;指出这两种方法是解决我国一水硬铝石—高岭石型低品位铝土矿应用的重要途径     

铝土矿碱液矿浆电溶出机理研究

铝土矿碱液浆通过电电溶出提取氧化铝是一种新的工艺,本文研究了在交变电场作用下,铝土矿泉同机理;并考察了温度、配料分子比、电极电流密度等地氧化铝溶出率的影响。