一例风机高噪声及轴瓦烧毁的原因剖析

阐述了西林钢厂 Ｃ４００──２．１５型电动鼓风机组发生的一起高噪声及轴瓦烧毁事故、经过、现象及原因分析，并提出了对策。     

油泵柱塞和轴承外套失效分析

对断裂的油泵柱塞、轴承外套从成分、组织、工艺等方面进行了检验分析。结果表明，柱塞首先断裂，断裂后的柱塞碎片卡住了轴承外套，使轴承外套过载脆断。而柱塞的断裂是由于热处理不当，造成淬火加热温度过高，使柱塞的显微组织出现粗大的针状马氏体，并引起淬火裂纹，导致柱塞的韧性下降，脆性增大，随着载荷作用和液压油的渗入，裂纹进一步扩展，当裂纹扩展笃柱塞有效载面积承受不了全部工作应力时，发生脆性断裂。     

Estimation of Load Capacity of Pipe Piles in Sand Based on Cone Penetration Test Results

Pipe piles can be classified as either closed- or open-ended piles. In the present paper, the load capacity of both closed- and open-ended piles is related to cone penetration resistance qc through an experimental program using calibration chamber model pile load tests and field pile load tests. A total of 36 calibration chamber pile load tests and two full-scale field pile load tests were analyzed. All the test piles were instrumented for separate measurement of each component of pile load capacity. Based on the test results, the normalized base resistance qb/qc was obtained as a function of the relative density DR for closed-ended piles, and of both the relative density DR and the incremental filling ratio (IFR) for open-ended piles. A relationship between the IFR and the relative density DR is proposed as a function of the pile diameter and driving depth. The relationship between IFR and DR allows the estimation of IFR and thus of the pile load capacity of open-ended piles at the design stage, before pile driving operations.     

Computation of Bearing Capacity Factor Nγ?Terzaghi’s Mechanism

A procedure based on K?tter’s equation is developed for the evaluation of bearing capacity factor Nγ with Terzaghi’s mechanism. Application of K?tter’s equation makes the analysis statically determinate, in which the unique failure surface is identified using force equilibrium conditions. The computed Nγ values are found to be higher than Terzaghi’s value in the range 0.25–20%, with a diverging trend for higher values of angle of soil internal friction. A fairly good agreement is observed with other solutions which are based on finite difference coupled with associated flow rule, limit analysis, and limit equilibrium. Finally, the comparison with available experimental results vis-à-vis other solutions shows that, computed Nγ values are capable of making a reasonably good prediction.     

A novel deep learning scheme for multi-condition remaining useful life prediction of rolling element bearings

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of a rolling element bearing is important for more reasonable maintenance of machinery and equipment. Generally, the information of a failure can hardly be acquired in advance while running and the degradation process varies in terms of different faults. Thus, fault identification is indispensable for a multi-condition RUL prediction, where, however, the fault identification and RUL prediction are separated in most studies. A new hybrid scheme is proposed in this paper for the multi-condition RUL prediction of rolling element bearings. The proposed scheme contains both classification and regression, where the 2D-DCNN based classifier and predictors are built concerning typical fault conditions of a bearing. For the online prediction, the raw signals are spanned in the time-frequency domain and then transferred into images as the input of the scheme. The classifier is used to monitor the vibration of rolling bearings for online fault recognition and excite the corresponding predictor for RUL prediction once a fault is detected. The output from the predictor is amended by the proposed adaptive delay correction method as the final prediction results. A demonstration is performed based on the XJTU-SY datasets and the results are compared with those from the state-of-the-art methods, which proves the superiority of the proposed scheme in improving the accuracy and linearity of RUL prediction. The time cost of the proposed online prediction scheme is also investigated and the results indicate high time effectiveness.     

国内轴承钢的生产现状及发展

介绍了2002年国内高碳铬轴承钢的产量及品种结构，评述了国内轴承钢生产工艺装备、质量状况和发展方向。     

圆坯连铸GCr15SiMn的成分偏析和接触疲劳寿命研究

利用金属原位分析技术和钻孔化学分析方法对高淬透性轴承钢GCr15SiMn的Φ450 mm连铸圆坯和Φ130 mm圆钢的C、Si、Mn、Cr元素横截面的分布情况进行分析。采用推力片式接触疲劳试验机进行了材料的接触疲劳寿命测试。结果表明：GCr15SiMn连铸圆坯C元素的偏析倾向较大,易产生中心正偏析,而Cr、Si、Mn元素的偏析倾向较小。通过采取稳定低过热度浇铸、三段强电磁搅拌等措施,铸坯的中心碳偏析得以改善。采用(1240±20)℃×5 h高温扩散、初轧首道次变形量≥90 mm大变形轧制的Φ130 mm圆钢的碳偏析可以得到进一步的改善,试验钢在5.3GPa高应力负载下的接触疲劳额定寿命L₁₀达到3.58×10⁶次,接近电渣重熔钢的水平。     

Distortion Engineering - Identification of Causes for Dimensional and Form Deviations of Bearing Rings

Distortion of power transmission parts after heat treatment is influenced by each step of the process chain, ranging from material production to hard-machining. However, an experimental analysis for each production step in the manufacture of bearing rings has shown that distortion is significantly influenced by turning before heat treatment. Elastic ring deformation caused by fixing the workpiece in the chuck leads to a variation of the depth of cut and polygonal form deviations occur after machining. In addition the cutting process induces locally varying residual stresses which also contribute to dimensional and form deviations of machined rings. In this paper results from experimental investigations of the principle physical causes for the distortion of bearing rings are presented and discussed. Finally, strategies for the minimization of distortion are derived.     

搅拌设备设计的几点体会

从搅拌轴的支承条件、轴承间最佳距离的确定以及搅拌轴的稳定器等几个方面讨论 ,分析了其对搅拌设备设计的影响 ,并提出了相应的措施和方法。     

提高MG2×150/700-WD型采煤机截割部轴承寿命周期的设计改进

通过改进结构及轴承类型,提高MG2×150/700-WD型交流电牵引采煤机截割部轴承使用周期。