Der Rotationstropfkörper — Ein neues Reaktorkonzept in der biologischen Gasreinigung

This paper presents a new reactor for the biological trickle bed process in biological waste gas treatment. Clogging of the support is permanently avoided by 1. use of rotating support packing units; 2. a defined liquid regime in the start‐up, operating, and cleaning phases, 3. continuous measurement and monitoring of the immobilised biomass. A uniform biofilm over the support surface is produced by optimised liquid distribution by spray jets and utilisation of support rotation. Cleaning is accomplished by liquid shear forces produced by jets. The time‐controlled operating regime is accomplished with the aid of on‐line quantification of the immobilised biomass. The resulting new quality of process control in biological gas treatment is demonstrated by experimental results on gas pressure drop, liquid hold‐up, and degradation rates. The practical relevance of this reactor prototype has been demonstrated by its use in a mobile pilot experiment with real gas emissions.     

Wärmeinduzierte Vorbehandlung lignocellulosehaltiger Biomassen – Prozesse,Verfahren und deren Einordnung

In the following, different techniques for a heat‐induced pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of solid fuels are described. Thereby, also changes at the molecular level of the biomass are discussed. The discussed techniques (torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, vapothermal carbonization, and autoclaving) proceed in a temperature range up to 300 °C. Finally, a classification of the different techniques takes place to evaluate the specific advantages and disadvantages.     

Bestandsaufnahme zu Aufkommen und Nutzung biogener Reststoffe in der deutschen Lebensmittel‐ und Biotechnikindustrie

The intensification of biomass utilization as a fuel and raw material is increasingly leading to conflicts about the use of biomass, particularly in relation to safeguarding an adequate food supply. Therefore it is important to primarily use those biomass resources which are not suitable for direct food supply as efficiently as possible. Against this background the sector‐specific amount and the current recycling of residues from the food, semi‐luxury food and biotech industry were evaluated. There is a fundamentally great utilization potential for these biogenic residues for energy and bioproduct‐related purposes but it also has to be taken into account that the main proportion of this biogenic residue fraction is currently used in the feedstuff sector.     

Hydrothermale Karbonisierung. 4. Thermische Eigenschaften der Produkte

The volatility of HTC coals (hydrochar) from different biomass feedstock and model compounds was compared by thermogravimetric measurements. It is found, that lignocelluloses and its carbonisates behave significantly different than biomass with other composition. This is caused by the reduction of the cellulose carbonization due to the presence of lignin in lignocelluloses. In addition, HTC coals after thermal treatment were investigated. The chemical changes due to water elimination and cross‐linking during carbonization and post‐treatment were identified by FTIR measurements.