Development of a composite substrate peel test to assess moisture sensitivity of aggregate–bitumen bonds

This paper presents the development of a suitable procedure to prepare peel test specimens using coarse aggregates and compare the results with the established standard peel test. The newly developed composite substrate peel test (CSPT) was found to be effective in characterising the moisture sensitivity of the aggregate–bitumen bond and the results correlated well with the results from a standard peel test. The results from the CSPT and the standard peel test showed that the fracture energy after moisture damage was found to be aggregate type dependent. Limestone tends to have better resistance to moisture damage than granite when moisture adsorptions are similar. Furthermore, in terms of similar aggregates, lower moisture adsorption results in better moisture resistance. This phenomenon suggests that in a moisture susceptible asphalt mixture, the effect of aggregate may be more influential than the effect of bitumen. Strong correlations were found between the standard peel test and the CSPT in terms of moisture damage evaluation and suggest that the CSPT maybe a more practical procedure to test the aggregate–bitumen bond for actual aggregates used in asphalt mixtures.     

复杂地基对西龙池面板堆石坝三维应力及变形的影响研究

西龙池抽水蓄能电站的下水库大坝为沥青混凝土面板堆石坝,坝址碎石料覆盖层较深,且河床基岩面向下游倾斜,大坝设计中如何合理利用坝基覆盖层碎石料并减少坝基开挖量是十分重要的问题。本文采用清华非线性解耦K－G模型,进行大坝三维非线性有限元分析,研究了蓄水期坝体变形特点及下游坡及坝趾区坝基的稳定问题,并提出相应的工程措施。     

Determining frother-like properties of process water in bitumen flotation

In oil sands flotation, bitumen is known to release natural surfactants into the process water following the addition of NaOH. These surfactants appear to replace the need for frother. Measuring the Sauter mean diameter (D₃₂) vs. dilution, it was possible to characterize the frother-like properties of process waters as an equivalent concentration of a known frother commonly used in mineral flotation, DF-250. Process water samples from the thickener overflow at the Shell Albian plant were examined. The study showed equivalent concentrations up to 60 ppm DF-250 and variations between samples. Reasons for the variability are discussed. A gas holdup vs. D₃₂ correlation was established which reduced the experimental effort.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中央隆起带奥陶系风化壳古油藏与靖边大气田关系

大量岩石薄片分析表明,中央隆起带淳探1井、富探1井和陕54井区奥陶系风化壳储层中存在次生充填状沥青或炭屑,其成熟度高（RO≈2.0%）,光性和生物标志物特征显示为石油裂解的残余物,是古油藏（田）的证据。古油藏位于靖边大气田的下倾方向,其西侧和南侧地层下倾方向的中奥陶统平凉组笔石页岩有机质含量丰富,可能是古油藏的烃源岩。J₂-K₁期的埋深加大和古地温升高,导致古油藏石油裂解形成古气藏;K₂-E期燕山和喜马拉雅运动形成陕北斜坡,中央隆起带天然气向斜坡高部位运移,受岩性封堵形成靖边气田。     

石油沥青类产品及其生产技术成果介绍

简要介绍了中石化股份公司抚顺石油化工研究院近几年来在石油沥青类产品的生产和应用技术开发方面所取得的主要成果，包括高等级道路沥青、改性沥青、水工沥青、乳化沥青、彩铺胶结料及其它特种沥青等产品的开发与应用情况。在近几年的研究开发工作中．该院密切注意石油沥青技术的发展动向与市场应用情况，并结合国内外原油情况，开发了包括高等级道路沥青在内的系列沥青产品生产技术。这些沥青类产品已经应用于各类工程建设中。     

Test Methods for Determining Asphaltene Stability in Crude Oils

Abstract

The high cost of remediating asphaltene deposition in crude oil production and processing has necessitated the development of test methods for determining the stability of asphaltenes in crude oils. In the current work, the stability of asphaltenes in crude oils of varying API gravity is predicted using the Oliensis Spot Test, the Colloidal Instability Index, the Asphaltene–Resin ratio, and a solvent titration method with NIR solids detection. The test methods are described in detail and experimental data from them presented. The experimental stability data were validated via correlation with field deposition data. The effectiveness of the various tests as predictors of the stability of asphaltenes in oils is discussed. The Colloidal Instability Index and the solvent titration method were found to predict a crude oil's propensity towards asphaltene precipitation better than both the Asphaltene–Resin ratio and the Oliensis Spot Test. For oils with low asphaltene content where most stability tests fail, live oil depressurization is proposed as the test for predicting the stability of asphaltenes.     

The Use of Microscopic Bitumen Froth Morphology for the Identification of Problem Oil Sand Ores

Abstract

Oil sand, which is found in various deposits around the world, consists mostly of sand, surrounded by up to 18 wt% bitumen. The largest deposits known are situated in northern Alberta, Canada, where reserves of bitumen are estimated to be 1.7 trillion barrels. Bitumen is similar to heavy oil, but with much higher viscosity and density. The two main commercial oil sand operations in Alberta are surface mines and use aqueous flotation of the bitumen to separate it from the rest of the oil sand. Under optimal conditions up to 95% of the bitumen can be recovered, but occasionally ores are mined that create problems in extraction, and recovery can drop to 70% or less. This article discusses the microscopic morphologies of various bitumen and heavy oil streams and their relationship to processing problems. The results of extensive microscopic work have demonstrated that the bitumen in an oil sand ore is the phase most susceptible to oxidation and that the resulting changes manifest themselves in particular microscopic structures. The presence and type of these structures can be related to the processing behavior of oil sand ores. Morphological features found in froths from commercial operations are similar to those found in froths from laboratory-prepared samples. The morphological features found in froths of oxidized ores have been categorized and quantified for a variety of samples and are referred to as degraded bitumen structures. Experiments in which fresh oil sand ores were subjected to low-temperature oxidation showed that bitumen froth morphology changed dramatically compared to that of nonoxidized ores for identical bulk compositions and extraction water chemistries.     

冲击压实技术在旧有沥青结构道路改造中的应用

结合某省道旧有沥青结构道路改造采用的冲击压实技术,结合一系列实测结果,介绍了冲击压路机冲击压实机理,探讨并建议了在不同道路病害成因的情况下,冲击压路机型号选择、冲压效果的检测标准确定、冲压效果的评定以及相关注意事项,具有一定的参考价值。     

Solar assisted method for recovery of bitumen from oil sand

A novel concept for the recovery of bitumen from oil sands in a natural gas limited environment with and without CO₂ constraints is presented. We suggest a feasible method for the recovery of unconventional oil in an environmentally friendly and sustainable way that has the potential of eliminating the need of natural gas as a process fuel. The proposed concept involves mid temperature steam generation for stimulating an oil sand formation. The steam is generated by utilizing solar radiation. The method uses the thermal mass of the oil sand formation to allow for cyclic steam injection during solar availability while still yielding continuous bitumen recovery. Feasibility assessments of the concept from both a thermodynamic and financial point of view are presented for a scenario of development in the Athabasca region in Alberta, Canada.     

含氚废水水泥固化实验研究

研究用水泥固化处理氚废水,并选择了最佳配方:水与灰的重量比=0.45～0.5,水泥与石膏重量比=5∶1。用IAEA推荐的方法做浸出实验。为了减少水泥固化体中氚的浸出量,实验了几种涂层材料。沥青涂层可将固化体氚的浸出率降低1～2个量级。