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81.
In this research, potential of reusing bleach water bath was examined with respect to its effect on whiteness of the cotton fabric exposed to 50 g/h of ozone on pilot scale for 45 min with 3 kg of fabric charged fresh at each trial, along with the evaluation of the economic viability of this technology in terms of profit per batch as well as profit per unit product (fabric) computed by Cost of Goods Sold statement. Results have shown that water can be reused with insignificant change in whiteness, revolving around 54% and 60%, and that it harnesses a 7 Rupees profit per unit fabric or 21 Rupees profit per cycle, which seems quite acceptable at existing bleached fabric sale price. 相似文献
82.
Kiro Mojsov 《Journal of Natural Fibers》2018,15(5):740-751
In the present study, an attempt was made to treat cotton terry fabrics with alkaline pectinase enzyme and observe the effects on the properties including the degree of whiteness, water absorbency, pill formation, weight loss after abrasion, tenacity at maximum load, degree of polymerization (DP), and hand feeling of the fabric. The enzymatic treatment of cotton terry fabrics had a positive influence on some of their properties. The degree of damage of cotton terry fabrics after 20 washings in a domestic washing machine was determined by analyzing the tenacity at maximum load, weight loss after abrasion, fabric hand feeling, and the DP. Enzymatic-scoured fabrics had a higher resistance to abrasion, a lower decrease in the DP, and a higher rating of the fabric hand feeling compared with alkaline-scoured fabrics. Enzymatic processing was accompanied by a significant lower demand of energy and water. Consequently, at these processes arises the lowest amount of effluents and the produced wastewater is biodegradable. This study attempted to introduce enzymatic scouring (ES) and bleaching with peracetic acid (PAA) of the cotton terry fabrics. 相似文献
83.
进行了麦草浆的水浴加热漂白和微波辐射漂白对比实验,考察了微波辐射H2O2漂白过程中微波辐射功率、处理时间、H2O2及NaOH用量对漂白纸浆性能的影响,采用正交试验的方法对实验条件进行了优化,并用纤维分析法对纸浆纤维形态进行了研究。微波辐射H2O2漂白纸浆的最佳工艺条件是:微波辐射功率240 W、辐射时间2.5 min、H2O2用量5%、NaOH用量4.5%,在此条件下纸浆白度可达59%ISO左右。纤维分析测定结果发现微波辐射漂白前后纸浆纤维形态基本没有发生变化。结果表明,微波辐射替代水浴加热应用于H2O2纸浆漂白是一种切实可行的方法。 相似文献
84.
85.
Canola oil extracted from seeds with a high-chlorophyll content can contain chlorophyll derivatives in excess of 30 ppm. When
processed, this oil has been observed to be less stable than oil (typically containing 5 to 25 ppm chlorophyll) processed
from high-grade seed. Possible causes for this phenomenon were investigated in this study. The effect of initial pheophytin
content was examined by mixing fully saturated oil (tricapryloylglycerol) with increasing amounts of pheophytin and then by
subjecting the mixtures to processing conditions. When the processed oils were combined with an unsaturated oil (canola oil),
the oxidative stabilities decreased as the pre-processing content of pheophytin increased. Examination of the effect of increased
bleaching to remove excessive levels of pheophytin showed that oil stability decreased with increasing exposure to bleaching
clay. Additionally, processing treatments did not remove secondary autoxidation products from oil that was abused prior to
processing. Such a finding revealed the importance of initial oil quality on processed oil stability, i.e., the greater abuse
of the crude oil (resulting in greater contents of secondary oxidation products), the lower the stability of the processed
oil. Finally, previous reports by other researchers of pheophytin's pro-oxidative effect in oil stored in light were confirmed. 相似文献
86.
Ozonation can improve the properties of paper pulps. This is why the use of ozone is considered for improving recyclable paper pulps. Ozonation has no deinking effect. According to the composition of the recycled papers, it is possible to improve their mechanical or optical properties. It is difficult to foresee if these results will be significant from the technical and economical point of view because of the heterogeneity of the starting material. However, in certain cases, ozonation certainly is an alternative not to be neglected. 相似文献
87.
A lesquerella species (Lesquerella fendleri) being investigated as a domestic source of seed oil containing hydroxy fatty acids shows good agronomic properties and is
being tested in semi-commercial production.Lesquerella fendleri seeds contain 25% oil, of which 55% is lesquerolic acid (14-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic). Oils produced in pilot-plant quantities by screw press, prepress-solvent extraction and extrusion-solvent
extraction processes have been refined in the laboratory by filtering, degumming and bleaching. Two American Oil Chemists’
Society (AOCS) standard bleaching earths and two commercial earths were compared for effectiveness in bleaching these dark,
yellow-red, crude lesquerella oils. Free fatty acids (1.3%), iodine value (111), peroxide value (<4 meq/kg), unsaponifiables
(1.7%) and hydroxyl value (100) were not significantly affected by degumming and bleaching, but phosphorus levels of 8–85
ppm in the crude oils were reduced to 0.5–1.1 ppm in the degummed and bleached oils. Crude oils had Gardner colors of 14,
which were reduced to Gardner 9–11 in the degummed and bleached oil, depending on bleach type and quantity used. AOCS colors
in the range of 21–25R 68–71Y were obtained. By including charcoal in the bleaching step, a considerably lighter oil could
be obtained (Gardner 7). 相似文献
88.
采用水解一生物接触氧化一混凝沉淀工艺处理,漂染废水中的主要污染物COD-cr,BOD5,色度,SS和PH值都能达到《纺织染整工业污染物排放标准》(GB4278-92)中一级标准。 相似文献
89.
Elemental distributions on whole and longitudinal sections of hairs plucked from the scalp were studied with the surface sensitive technique time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Endogenous and environmental influences on the distributions of elemental species were identified. The cuticle scales appear to play the major role in the accumulation of exogenous products. The functionality of the outer surfaces and scale edges each preferentially bind different elemental species. The majority of elements considered accumulated longitudinally on the outer surface of the hair above the scalp level. Internally, most elemental signals (especially Al) decreased longitudinally once exposed to the environment with the exception of Si, which showed an increase. Images of elemental distributions within the medulla suggest that regions of different reactivity exist and show a variable ability to accumulate elemental species. The greatest signal intensities were observed in the cuticle and medulla regions rather than the cortex. The cuticle is continually exposed to environmental contamination and the medulla may, or may not, exist in a hair. Therefore, the components of a hair that potentially contribute the most to the elemental concentrations (i.e. the cuticle and medulla) are also the most variable, and as such greatly complicate the interpretation of elemental concentrations in hair. Results also suggest that bleaching hair can enhance the accumulation of contaminants. 相似文献
90.
Synthesis,Characterization, and Toxicological Properties of New Cationic Bleach Activators
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Guan Wang Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro Josiane Aparecida Vendemiatti Adria Caloto de Oliveira Francine Inforçato Vacchi Maqbool Hussain Peter J. Hauser Harold S. Freeman David Hinks 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2017,20(1):277-285
Three new bleach activators for cotton containing pyridinium (PBBC), nicotinamido (NABBC), and 3‐methylpyridinium (3‐PBBC) cationic groups were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and HPLC–mass spectrometry. They were then applied to cotton fabric in a bleaching process and evaluated for their performance against the prototype N‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC) at a relatively low bleaching temperature (55 °C) and pH 8.5. Measurement of Commission internationale de l’éclairage (International Commission on Illumination) (CIE) whiteness index (WI) values showed that PBBC (WI = 64), NABBC (WI = 58), and 3‐PBBC (WI = 71) impart a significant increase in CIE whiteness compared to a control sample (WI = 40). Among the three new activators, 3‐PBBC exhibited the best performance. Its WI was comparable to that of fabric bleached using the prototype bleach activator TBBC. The acute toxicity of TBBC and the new bleach activators was evaluated using the microcrustacean Daphnia similis. The chronic toxicity of TBBC and 3‐PBBC was evaluated using the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, and mutagenicity was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay using the strain TA100. 3‐PBBC was 86 times less toxic to D. similis, 18 times less toxic to R. subcapitata, and 10 times less mutagenic to TA100 in comparison with TBBC. 相似文献