考虑爆裂影响的轴向约束高强混凝土柱耐火性能研究

应用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于一次爆裂模式,建立了轴向约束高强混凝土（HSC）柱的抗火分析模型.采用试验数据验证了模型的合理性.采用验证后的模型,分析了不同轴向约束刚度比下高强混凝土柱轴力及位移变化的规律,重点考虑了爆裂深度、爆裂长度、爆裂开始时间等爆裂参数对高强混凝土柱轴向位移、截面温度场和耐火极限的影响规律.研究表明：相同爆裂时间前提下,HSC柱轴向位移随爆裂深度、爆裂长度的增大而增大,耐火极限随之减小.爆裂深度、爆裂长度相同前提下,爆裂开始时间对HSC柱的耐火性能影响很小.当荷载比不变时,轴向约束刚度比对HSC柱膨胀阶段的最大轴向位移影响甚小,但是在越过初始平衡位置的收缩阶段对轴向位移影响很大.轴向约束刚度比对轴向约束HSC柱的耐火极限影响不大.     

Optimisation of four-sensor probes for measuring bubble velocity components in bubbly air-water and oil-water flows

In a previous paper Lucas and Mishra (2005) [3] a local four-sensor conductance probe was introduced to measure the velocity vectors of dispersed bubbles in bubbly two-phase flow in which the continuous phase is water. There are a very limited number of alternative methods available for bubble velocity vector measurement with which results from, for example, computational fluid dynamic models can be compared and so the four-sensor probe technique is of interest to the multiphase flow community. In the previous paper [3] a mathematical model was presented to calculate the velocity vector of each gas bubble from seven time intervals which were measured using the output signals from each of four ‘needle’ conductance sensors located within the probe. In the present paper, a new technique for making the local four-sensor probe is introduced to minimise interference with the measured bubbles. A new signal processing method is presented using criteria to ensure that (i) the group of sensor signals from which the bubble velocity vector is to be determined are all produced by the same bubble and (ii) bubbles which contact the local four-sensor probe in an ambiguous manner are ignored. The accuracy with which the locations of each of the rear sensors in the probe relative to the lead sensor can be measured influences the accuracy with which the bubble velocity vector can be measured. However, the degree to which the accuracy of the measured velocity vector is affected by errors in the measured probe dimensions is dependent upon the geometrical arrangement of the four sensors within the probe. Experimental results and an error analysis are presented which show that the susceptibility of the velocity vector measurement technique to errors in the measured probe dimensions is reduced if the geometrical arrangement of the four sensors is optimised. As a result of this initial work, an optimised probe, known as the P30 probe, was designed and built and results obtained from the P30 probe in swirling oil-in-water bubbly flow are presented. A probe calibration factor is defined in this paper which can be interpreted as a measure of the interference of a probe with the motion of the bubbles with which it interacts. For the probes described in this paper the calibration factor was found to be much closer to unity than for previous four-sensor probes described in the literature (e.g. [3]) suggesting that these new probes have a much smaller effect on the bubbles’ motion than previous probes.     

水下刚性壁装药爆炸气泡简化模型和数值仿真

为预测沉底装药水下爆炸产生气泡的最大半径和脉动周期,建立了水下刚性壁上的装药爆炸产生气泡的动力学模型.从Bernoulli方程和能量守恒两个角度推导出描述半球形气泡径向运动的流体动力学方程,通过能量法确定了方程的初始条件.对方程数值求解得到第一脉动周期内气泡半径和径向运动速度随时间变化的曲线.利用ANSYS-AUTODYN软件的高精度Euler-Godunov求解器和计算结果映射技术,建立了水下刚性壁上装药爆炸产生气泡运动的数值仿真模型.计算得到了气泡膨胀、收缩、上浮和脉动压力时程曲线及其几何形状变化规律.理论模型与仿真计算得到的气泡半径、脉动周期和径向运动速度均吻合,说明该理论模型满足工程所需精度要求.     

Modelling Industrial Wastewater Ozonation In Bubble Contactors. 1. Rate Coefficient Determination

A study of the ozonation of distillery and tomato wastewaters was carried out in a small bubble contactor in order to obtain kinetic data for scaling-up. Thus, several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), 254 nm absorbance (A₂₅₄) and organic carbon content (OC), were followed during ozonation at different experimental conditions.

For distillery wastewaters all parameters investigated have the highest decreases during the first minutes of ozonation, A₂₅₄ showing the highest disappearance rates. Thus, during the first fifteen minutes of ozonation an important decrease of the 254 nm absorbance (? 75%) was observed. At further reaction times values of all parameters studied decrease slowly, eventually reaching a plateau value. During approximately the first two hours of reaction, dissolved ozone was never found, which suggested that fast or moderate gas-liquid reactions took place in the wastewaters.     

A coupling algorithm for partitioned solvers applied to bubble and droplet dynamics

Bubbles and droplets both consist of a liquid in contact with a gas. In this paper, we consider the interface between the incompressible liquid and the gas as a zero thickness structure. The position of the interface is determined by the equilibrium between surface tension effects and the fluid pressure difference across the interface. So, the structure interacts with the fluids on either side. The behaviour of a limited number of bubbles and droplets can therefore be simulated as a Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problem.Most existing techniques frequently used for studying bubble and droplet dynamics, such as Level Set or Volume Of Fluid, use monolithic schemes. The flow on both sides of the interface and the position of the interface are calculated in a single code. In this contribution, a partitioned approach is presented. The position of the interface is calculated with a structural solver. Given a displacement of the interface, a separate flow solver calculates the flow on the liquid side of the interface with the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) technique. The structural solver uses a reduced order model of the flow solver to obtain implicit coupling between both solvers. This reduced order model is built up during the coupling iterations of a time step. Grid and time converged solutions of two axisymmetric problems are calculated: an oscillating water droplet in air and the growth and detachment of an air bubble from the outlet of a vertical needle, submerged in quiescent water.     

免疫亲和柱法测定小麦中黄曲霉毒素

本文研究了用正相高效液相色谱仪附荧光检测器测定小麦中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、C1、C2。黄曲霉毒素用甲醇－水（70＋30）提取，提取液经免疫亲和柱富集、净化，于液相色谱仪上测定。本实验采用添加法测定回收率，添加水平为0.11-3.9μg/kg时，其平均回收率为87.9%-102.5%。本方法的最低检测限为0.1μg/kg。     

充填采煤液压支架受力分析与运动学仿真研究

根据充填采煤液压支架结构原理及控顶作用,建立了支架顶梁的力学模型,分析得出了顶梁受力情况及3排立柱受力之间的关系;运用Pro/E软件对支架进行三维建模和运动学仿真分析,模拟出主要部件的运动过程,得出各主要部件在工作过程中的运动特征曲线,并对支架参数进行了校核.基于以上分析结果设计制造了ZZC8800/20/38型充填采煤液压支架,支架前、后排立柱受力分别是中立柱支架受力的4.1倍、4.6倍.该支架在平煤十二矿成功应用表明受力分析及设计是科学合理的.     

锦赤铁路大凌河特大桥梁墩柱桩基偏移的处理设计

介绍锦赤铁路大凌河特大桥梁墩柱桩基偏移的处理设计和措施,扩大承台,验算承载力,使其达到满足设计承载力的要求。该方案既缩短了施工工期,又节省了人力物力,是一种有效和实用的方法。     

Bubble wake visualization by using photochromic dye

Wake structure of a single “clean bubble”, rising in rectilinear, zigzagging or spiraling path, is experimentally investigated. A single nitrogen gas bubble was produced in a silicone oil pool and the wake structure development in the rear of the rising bubble was visualized by using photochromic dye. The flexibility of this visualization method enabled us to distinguish wake from drift easily. Both bubble motion and wake structure were recorded by using stereo high-speed video camera simultaneously. We present the first experimental support for the existence of the standing eddy at the rear of the clean bubble, as predicted by a previous numerical study by Ryskin and Leal [1984. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 148, 19-35], Dandy and Leal [1986. Physics of Fluids 29(5), 1360-1366] and Blanco and Magnaudet [1995. Physics of Fluids 7(6), 1265-1274]. We study motion of a pair of vortex filaments, which is called double-threaded type wake, in the case of bubble rising in an axi-asymmetric path. Visualization results of multiple formations of horse-shoe type vortices in one period of zigzag motion of rising bubble with shape oscillations, which has not been observed in previous studies are also presented.     

Fractal analysis of pressure fluctuations in a three phase bubble column reactor operating at low pressure

Pressure fluctuations in a three phase bubble column reactor operating at relatively low pressure (92 KPa) have been analyzed by adopting the spectral and fractal analyses to get the engineering informations for the on-line control and fault diagnosis of the reactors. The mean value, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the pressure fluctuations have been obtained. The local fractal dimension has been determined from the Pox diagram obtained by means of the rescaled range analysis of the pressure fluctuations based on the fractional Brownian motion. The local fractal dimension of pressure fluctuations has increased and thus the pressure fluctuation signals have become less persistent and irregular, with increases in the gas flow rate reaction temperature, particle size and solid content in the slurry phase. The local fractal dimension has been well correlated in terms of the operating variables.