On mesh restrictions to satisfy comparison principles,maximum principles,and the non-negative constraint: Recent developments and new results

This article concerns mesh restrictions that are needed to satisfy several important mathematical properties—maximum principles, comparison principles, and the nonnegative constraint—for a general linear second-order elliptic partial differential equation. We critically review some recent developments in the field of discrete maximum principles, derive new results, and discuss some possible future research directions in this area. In particular, we derive restrictions for a three-node triangular (T3) element and a four-node quadrilateral (Q4) element to satisfy comparison principles, maximum principles, and the nonnegative constraint under the standard single-field Galerkin formulation. Analysis is restricted to uniformly elliptic linear differential operators in divergence form with Dirichlet boundary conditions specified on the entire boundary of the domain. Various versions of maximum principles and comparison principles are discussed in both continuous and discrete settings. In the literature, it is well-known that an acute-angled triangle is sufficient to satisfy the discrete weak maximum principle for pure isotropic diffusion. Herein, we show that this condition can be either too restrictive or not sufficient to satisfy various discrete principles when one considers anisotropic diffusivity, advection velocity field, or linear reaction coefficient. Subsequently, we derive appropriate restrictions on the mesh for simplicial (e.g., T3 element) and nonsimplicial (e.g., Q4 element) elements. Based on these conditions, an iterative algorithm is developed to construct simplicial meshes that preserve discrete maximum principles using existing open source mesh generators. Various numerical examples based on different types of triangulations are presented to show the pros and cons of placing restrictions on a computational mesh. We also quantify local and global mass conservation errors using representative numerical examples and illustrate the performance of metric.     

焊后热处理对7A04铝合金水下搅拌摩擦焊接接头组织性能的影响

对7A04铝合金板进行水下搅拌摩擦焊接(Submerged Friction Stir Welding,SFSW),并对焊接接头进行焊后热处理(Post Weld Heat Treatments,PWHT),研究焊后热处理对接头组织性能的影响。结果表明:焊后热处理接头呈现出弥散分布的细小析出相形貌,明显优于SFSW接头呈现出的少量析出相分散分布的特征。与SFSW接头相比,焊后热处理明显改善接头的力学性能。接头焊核区的平均硬度值提高了39.7HV,抗拉强度提高了67MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的96.1%,接头的应变硬化能力增强,拉伸断口呈现微孔聚合和解理混合断裂特征。     

提高工艺安全性的FOX-7合成方法?

为了提高合成工艺的安全性,提出了一锅法制备1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)的方法。控制反应体系温度在15℃左右,采用蠕动泵将浓硫酸连续地加入到2-甲基-4,6-二羟基嘧啶与二氯甲烷的悬浮液中,固体原料溶解后,再将发烟硝酸滴加到反应物料中,进行硝化反应;然后连续滴加水到反应器中,进行水解开环反应;再经过固液分离、洗涤和干燥,得到FOX-7。探讨了硝化剂的加料方式对收率和工艺安全性的影响。结果表明:惰性溶剂的引入,分散了反应物,硝化反应释放的热量可以及时扩散,物料温度控制更平稳,消除了物料团聚现象,而且与硝硫混酸加料相比,采用浓硫酸与发烟硝酸分步加料的方式,升温速率可降低51.0%,FOX-7的收率由63.0%提高到了82.6%,工艺的安全性显著提升。     

嵌入式冷库环境监控系统的设计

为了保证冷库内货物质量、维持其最佳储藏环境、提高冷库自动化水平,设计了一款冷库智能监控系统;系统以LPC2103为核心,利用传感器、信号调理电路进行数据采集,并结合软件实现对冷库环境参数的控制;分布式采样点的硬件布局克服了冷库环境参数不均匀,波动性大的缺陷,通过软件滤波算法与智能控制方法进一步屏蔽了信号传输的干扰,为控制设备提供了准确的指令;对温度参数进行记录与分析的实验结果表明,系统误差小并能够准确、及时的调节环境,因此系统结构简单,运行稳定,调控方便,能够有效保证储藏货物质量.     

基于西门子S7—400PLC的包钢转炉自动化系统设计与实现

该文针对包钢220吨转炉设计并实现了一套完整的自动控制系统。主要介绍了该系统的结构与硬件配置以及对所采用的软件的评估,还就系统中的数据通信、氧枪定位、汽包三冲量调节、系统的监控等问题进行了讨论,并详细分析了有关控制回路的调试和实施。     

Parameterized complexity of control problems in Maximin election

Elections are a central model in a variety of areas. This paper studies parameterized computational complexity of five control problems in the Maximin election. We obtain the following results: constructive control by adding candidates is W[2]-hard with respect to the parameter “number of added candidates”; both constructive and destructive control by adding/deleting voters are W[1]-hard with respect to the parameter “number of added/deleted voters”.