Microcrystalline silicon deposited at high rate on large areas from pure silane with efficient gas utilization

Microcrystalline silicon thin film deposited by RF-PECVD and integrated in a tandem structure is a promising material for low cost photovoltaic solar cells compared to solar cells based on crystalline silicon. However, in order to allow a cost-effective mass production of solar cells based on this material, deposition processes should fulfill several conditions such as high deposition rate, good uniformity over large area and efficient gas utilization. In this work, it is shown that the atomic hydrogen density can be high enough to form microcrystalline thin films even from a pure silane RF discharge and that the pure silane regime is more efficient in terms of gas utilization. In situ Fourier transform infrared absorption and ex situ Raman spectroscopy measurements have been used to determine the fraction of dissociated silane in the discharge and the crystallinity of the deposited layers. Results have shown that microcrystalline silicon can be deposited uniformly on a large area substrate with a deposition rate of more than with a low powder formation and an input power density of from a pure silane discharge.     

YJ19A卷烟机新型换纸器的设计与应用

通过对YJ19卷烟机原设计的换纸器结构的介绍 ,指出了原换纸器中存在的不足之处 :采用气缸及导向滑板机构 ,结构复杂 ,调整量大 ,可靠性及稳定性低 ,磨损后需要更换新零件 ,并需重新调整导向滑板。且外观笨重 ,给安装、维护及调整带来不便。新型换纸器新设计的换纸器装置采用导向气缸代替原设计的气缸滑板机构 ,简化了机械结构 ,减少了使用中的调整步骤 ,提高了可靠性和稳定性 ,同时也改善了卷烟外观质量 ,降低了生产成本     

食品中残留19-去甲睾酮免疫原的合成与鉴定

19-去甲睾酮(19-nortestosteroneNT),属于半抗原生物小分子,具有免疫反应性,但不具有免疫原性。本文中19-去甲睾酮经羧甲基羟胺肟化,质谱(MS)检验后,采用混合酸酐法将肟化产物与牛血清蛋白(bovineserumalbuminBSA)偶联,紫外分光光度法测定其交联率为24。用此合成产物进行动物体免疫,获得了NT的多克隆抗体。经间接酶联免疫测定,其抗血清的稀释度可以达到1:102400,证明诺龙免疫原的合成成功,为诺龙酶联免疫试剂盒的研究奠定基础。     

渤海海域蓬莱19-3油田油气成藏特征新认识

摘要：蓬莱19-3油田是中国近海海域迄今发现的最大油田,油气来源和晚期超大规模成藏研究是其发现以来地质家不断研究和争论的焦点。研究认为：1）蓬莱19-3油田原油主要源于沙河街组烃源岩,部分源于东营组（渤中凹陷为主）烃源岩。油田周边存在两个非常明显的油气充注方向,即：油田的北西方向（渤中凹陷）和东南方向（庙西凹陷）。2） 渤中凹陷极为丰富的油源、长期的低势区和郯庐断裂的能量释放以及以不整合面为主导输导体系的优势成藏模式是蓬莱19-3油田形成的先决条件。3） 油藏内部井间温度的显著差异、原油密度、粘度和气体的变化规律,以及直至海底的‘气烟囱’较大面积存在等,说明油藏油气源非常充足,油田北侧至今存在超强充注,晚期成藏特征明显。证实了蓬莱19-3油田是渤海海域一种典型的晚期大规模快速成藏类型。     

渤海湾盆地渤中19-6凝析气田天然气成因及油气成因关系判识

综合运用油气地球化学分析方法,分析了渤海湾盆地渤中19-6凝析气田天然气成因,并对凝析油与天然气的成因关系进行了判识。研究结果表明,渤中19-6凝析气田天然气为以烃类气为主的湿气,C₁/(C₂+C₃)值偏低,介于6.4～7.3,甲烷碳同位素值集中分布于-38.0‰～-39.0‰,乙烷碳同位素偏重,介于-25.4‰～-27.0‰,为偏腐殖型干酪根裂解气,与沙河街组三段烃源岩具有可比性,源自沙河街组三段烃源岩。多项凝析油和天然气成熟度判别参数表明,渤中19-6凝析气田凝析油和天然气主要处于成熟阶段,但天然气成熟度略高于凝析油。多项地质证据表明,渤中19-6凝析气田经历了"早油晚气"的油气成藏过程,凝析油主成藏期(12 Ma以来)早于天然气(5 Ma以来)。     

蓬莱19-3油田地质特征

蓬莱１９－３油田是中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司与菲利普斯石油国际亚洲公司联合勘探,于１９９９年５月在渤海１１／０５区块发现的大型海上油田,目前,油田范围内已完钻１口探井,６口评价井,落帝构造圈闭面积６５km^2,其中含油面积在５０km^2以上,油田主力油层发育于上第三系明化镇组下段和馆陶组,储集层岩性为河流相的陆源碎屑岩,含油体单层厚度一般为１．５－８m,最厚可逾２０m,单井钻遇油层厚度为６３－１５１m,石油地质储量为数亿吨级,油藏早期评价结果证实,该油田具有浅层构造较破碎,油水系统复杂,油气充潢程度高,油层度大,储量丰度高等特点。     

Adaptive Immunity and the Risk of Autoreactivity in COVID-19

While first and foremost considered a respiratory infection, COVID-19 can result in complications affecting multiple organs. Immune responses in COVID-19 can both protect against the disease as well as drive it. Insights into these responses, and specifically the targets being recognised by the immune system, are of vital importance in understanding the side effects of COVID-19 and associated pathologies. The body’s adaptive immunity recognises and responds against specific targets (antigens) expressed by foreign pathogens, but not usually to target self-antigens. However, if the immune system becomes dysfunctional, adaptive immune cells can react to self-antigens, which can result in autoimmune disease. Viral infections are well reported to be associated with, or exacerbate, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In COVID-19 patients, both new onset MS and SLE, as well as the occurrence of other autoimmune-like pathologies, have been reported. Additionally, the presence of autoantibodies, both with and without known associations to autoimmune diseases, have been found. Herein we describe the mechanisms of virally induced autoimmunity and summarise some of the emerging reports on the autoimmune-like diseases and autoreactivity that is reported to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.     

Analytical solutions for the Colebrook and White equation and for pressure drop in ideal gas flow in pipes

The friction factor, evaluated from the Colebrook and White equation, is traditionally computed iteratively. An analytical solution of the Colebrook and White equation for the friction factor can be obtained, using the Lambert W function. Also, the equation relating the outlet pressure to the inlet pressure of an ideal gas flowing through a straight pipe under isothermal, steady state conditions has been hitherto considered in literature to be implicit in these variables, probably due to its inherent non-linear nature. However, it can be shown that an analytical solution to the above equation for the pressure drop (or alternatively, outlet pressure) can also be obtained using the Lambert W function.     

Isolation of Three Diterpenoid Acids from Sunflowers,as Oviposition Stimulants for the Banded Sunflower Moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochylis hospes</Emphasis>

The banded sunflower moth (BSFM), Cochylis hospes Walshingham (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) is a specialist insect, the larvae of which feed on sunflowers, Helianthus spp., and a few other species of Compositae. It is one of the most important pests of sunflower in the USA. Previous work on H. annuus, the cultivated sunflower, revealed two diterpenoids that function as oviposition stimulants for female BSFM, and that other, more polar compounds also stimulated oviposition. Using a bioassay-guided approach, we isolated three additional diterpenoids, grandifloric acid (1), 15β-hydroxy-ent-trachyloban-19-oic acid (2), and 17-hydroxy-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3), from polar fractions of pre-bloom sunflower head extracts. In laboratory bioassays, purified natural samples of each of these compounds stimulated oviposition by female BSFM. Structure–activity relationships of the five diterpenoids known to stimulate oviposition by female BSFM are discussed.     

TC19钛合金棒材的研制

用1 t真空自耗电弧炉试制出360 mm的TC19合金铸锭。采用常规β锻造+(α+β)锻造和高-低-高锻造(即β锻+(α+β)锻+β锻)两种锻造工艺,分别制备出相同规格的60 mm TC19钛合金棒材,锻棒微观组织细小均匀,均为在β转变基体上均匀分布的等轴初生α组织。对两种工艺的锻棒进行双重退火和固溶加时效处理,处理后的显微组织和力学性能均符合MIL-T-9047标准的要求。常规锻造工艺和高-低-高锻造工艺均可用来锻造TC19合金棒材,但采用高-低-高锻造工艺得到的棒材的力学性能优于常规锻造工艺。