Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Waste Filter Press Cake from a Sugar Manufacturing Facility as a Highly Economic Catalyst

For the first time, a low cost, high performance and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste filter press cake (FPC) from a sugar manufacturing facility was used for the production of biodiesel. This industrial waste was calcined in air at 900 °C for 2 h to convert it into an active CaO‐based catalyst (FPC‐HT). In addition, the calcium oxide nanoparticles (FPC‐NAC) were synthesized by surfactant‐hydration treatment of FPC‐HT. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and BET analysis. These calcium oxide catalysts were used for a transesterification reaction between canola oil and methanol to produce biodiesel. The results show that the FPC‐NAC has higher catalytic activity than FPC‐HT under optimized reaction conditions. Therefore, this economic catalyst is able to catalyze the transesterification of canola oil to its methyl esters in 1.5 h with yields above 96 %.     

海藻酸辛酰胺的制备及其协同氨基SiO2纳米粒稳定液体石蜡/水乳液的研究

以辛胺为疏水改性剂,采用酰化法制得具有两亲性的海藻酸辛酰胺(ACA)。将ACA与采用修正Stber法制备的氨基二氧化硅(SiO_2-NH_2)纳米粒混合,在超声的作用下制得O/W型Pickering乳液。通过FT-IR,~1H NMR和荧光光谱对ACA的结构和性能进行表征。并采用激光粒度和Zeta电位分析仪、接触角测量仪和光学显微镜探究了ACA,SiO_2-NH_2及其协同水分散体系的胶体性能和相应的Pickering乳液的形貌。结果表明:ACA的取代度为0.29,在0.15 mol/L Na Cl水溶液中的临界聚集浓度(cac)为0.42 g/L,表现出较强的两亲性能。ACA通过静电作用力成功地吸附于SiO_2-NH_2纳米粒上,使水动力学粒径只有155 nm的SiO_2-NH_2纳米粒增长至386 nm,Zeta电位由+22.2 mV转变为-30.7 mV,在水溶液中能够表现出良好的稳定性。吸附于SiO_2-NH_2纳米粒表面的ACA可以抑制无机纳米粒的聚沉,而游离的ACA形成的胶束结构的疏水内腔能够增溶油滴,减少小油滴的聚并。光学显微镜中出现了粒径较大的Pickering乳液液滴和粒径较小的传统乳液液滴共存的现象,当ACA质量浓度在0.5 cac~1.0 cac时,2种乳液共存现象最为显著。     

膨润土在织物印花中应用研究

研究了膨润土矿物糊料制备及其流变性能、与常用糊料染料和各种助剂的相容性、印花工艺及配方.结果表明:膨润土经选矿提纯制备矿物印花糊料,可部分替代海藻酸钠用于活性染料印花,印制效果良好,产品得色浓艳,各项牢度指标符合标准要求,     

石灰石资源的开发利用

本文比较系统地介绍了我国优势资源石灰石的性质，一般用途和矿床的工业要求，列举了主要产品１７种；简述了１０种（类）钙盐产品的工业生产方法，并绘出了工艺流程示意图；对当前石灰石利用前景和可能开发方向提出了参考建议，可供石灰石储量丰富地区有关企业和当地政府在规划开发资源时作参考。     

Fabrication of cancellous-bone-mimicking β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with tunable architecture and mechanical strength by stereolithography 3D printing

It is highly challenging to fabricate bioceramic scaffolds mimicking architecture and mechanical strength of cancellous bone. Gyroid structure, which is based on triply periodic minimal surface, highly resembles the architecture of cancellous bone. Herein, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds with gyroid structure were fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. The SLA 3D printing ensured high precision of ceramic part. The porosity (51–87%), pore size (250 – 2400 µm), pore wall thickness (< 300 µm) and compressive strength (0.6 – 16.8 MPa) of gyroid bioceramic scaffolds were readily adjusted to match various sites of cancellous bone. The gyroid bioceramic scaffolds were more favorable for cell proliferation than the grid-like bioceramic scaffolds. The cancellous-bone-mimicking gyroid bioceramic scaffolds with tunable architecture and mechanical strength were expected to efficiently repair the target bone defects.     

氨基磺酸改性海藻酸钠的制备及对Fe3+的吸附

为有效防止尾矿坝化学堵塞可在排水设施上涂覆海藻酸钠基吸附材料。以海藻酸钠(SA)为基体, 高碘酸钠为氧化剂, 氨基磺酸为改性材料, 制备了一种吸附材料氨基磺酸改性海藻酸钠(MSA), 使用FT-IR、SEM对其进行表征, 并研究了MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附行为。研究结果表明: —NHSO₃H被成功引入到海藻酸二醛(ADA)上制得MSA; MSA吸附Fe³⁺后分子尺寸增大, 分子链空隙增大。MSA吸附Fe³⁺的较佳吸附条件为Fe³⁺初始质量浓度200 mg/L、Fe³⁺溶液pH值2、吸附时间240 min, 吸附温度25 ℃, 此时MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附量最大, 为151 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温式, MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附是单分子层化学吸附; 吸附热力学分析表明吸附过程是一个自发的过程, 且温度升高不利于吸附反应的进行。     

火花塞陶瓷绝缘体高温分流电阻的研究

火花塞陶瓷绝缘体的高温分流电阻会影响火花塞的使用性能和寿命,笔者研究了氧化铝中Na2O含量、配方组成和烧结温度对火花塞陶瓷绝缘体高温分流电阻的影响。结果表明:随着氧化铝原材料中Na2O含量的增加,试样的高温分流电阻逐渐降低;在配方组成中,当CaO的含量由33%增加至40%,氧化铝原材料中Na2O含量为0.1%时,试样在500℃时的分流电阻由517MΩ提升至1 192MΩ;烧结温度低于1 580℃时,试样的高温分流电阻较低。     

吸附法去除溶液中Mg~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的试验研究

以去除纯碱副产物氯化钙中的Mg2+和Pb2+,制取高纯氯化钙为目的,采用吸附的方法,研究了不同吸附剂对Mg2+、Pb2+的分离效果,以及吸附时间、温度、pH值等因素对改性斜发沸石吸附效果的影响。试验结果表明:改性斜发沸石对氯化钙中Mg2+、Pb2+有较好的吸附去除效果,吸附时间100min、温度30℃、100ml质量分数为0.5%的氯化钙溶液加吸附剂1.5g、pH10为最优吸附条件。     

硅砖熔洞的成因

通过硅砖熔洞、铁斑在硅砖检验中的重要性的阐述,对生产过程中出现的一些硅砖熔洞进行原因排查,探讨了硅砖铁洞、钙洞的成因及应采取的预防措施。     

Calcium Cl/OH-apatite,Cl/OH-apatite/Al2O3 and Ca3(PO4)2 fibre nonwovens: Potential ceramic components for osteosynthesis

Polycrystalline calcium phosphate ((Cl/OH)Ap = Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH/Cl); TCP = Ca₃(PO₄)₂) fibres were prepared from aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and phosphoric acid using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as spinning aid. Generation of nonwoven materials was accomplished via rotary jet spinning. Polycrystalline (Cl/OH)Ap fibres 10–25 μm in diameter were obtained with 37% ceramic yield by pyrolysis of the green fibres followed by sintering at 1150 °C in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided evidence for apatite formation starting at 650 °C while (Cl/OH)Ap ceramic fibres were obtained at 1100 °C via transformation through intermediate dicalcium dichloride hydrogen phosphate (Ca₂Cl₂(HPO₄)) and calcium pyrophosphate (Ca₂P₂O₇) phases. A glass-forming Al-based additive was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of the Cl/OH)Ap ceramic fibres and indeed resulted in the formation of (Cl/OH)Ap/Al₂O₃ fibres with improved mechanical stability. Finally, TCP, (Cl/OH)Ap and (Cl/OH)Ap/Al₂O₃ fibres were subjected to seeding with mesenchymal stem cells. Negligible cytotoxicity is observed.