Effect of glucose:xylose ratio on xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities from Candida guilliermondii in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

The influence of glucose on xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) enzyme activity was evaluated from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate fermentations with different glucose:xylose ratios (1:25, 1:12, 1:5 and 1:2.5) by employing an inoculum of Candida guilliermondii grown in media containing glucose, a mixture of glucose and xylose, or only xylose as carbon sources. According to the results, the glucose:xylose ratio affected positively this bioconversion and a correlation was not observed between the favourable conditions for xylitol production and the XR and XDH activities. Also, the results were influenced not only by the glucose:xylose ratio in the fermentation medium, but also by the carbon source employed in the growth medium of the inoculum. The optimum condition for xylitol production by C. guilliermondii in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate should use hydrolysate with a 1:5 glucose:xylose ratio and inoculum grown in medium containing xylose as the only carbon source. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

克鲁斯假丝酵母植酸酶对植物性饲料中植酸的脱磷作用

在植物性饲料中，磷主要以植酸磷的形式存在，不能被单胃动物有效利用。在饲料中添加植酸酶，水解植酸脱磷，可以提高动物对磷的利用率。本文通过正交试验，确定了克鲁斯假丝酵母(Qandia Krusei)WZ-001植酸酶水解豆粕和麸皮中植酸脱磷的最适作用条件；并模拟动物胃肠pH环境，对克鲁斯假丝酵母WZ-001植酸酶和2种与其酶活相同的商品酶降解饲料中的植酸脱磷的能力进行了比较。结果表明：WZ-001植酸酶水解饲料植酸10h时释放的无机磷量是原游离磷的4．89倍，植酸水解率为67％，均高于酶活相同的2种商品酶。     

发酵法生产辅酶Q10的季也蒙假丝酵母菌株的选育

对实验室自行筛选的辅酶Q10产生菌株——季也蒙假丝酵母（Candida guilliermind）CG108进行Co60-γ射线辐照、微波诱变、紫外照射、紫外线结合LiCl处理等复合诱变,并结合卡那霉素抗性和耐前体突变株的理性化筛选,获得一株辅酶Q10高产菌株PN251.该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量为6.21 g/L,辅酶Q10产量为11.2 mg/L,较出发菌株提高256%.该诱变株遗传性能稳定,经转接五代后其辅酶Q10产量为10.9 mg/L,是一株很有开发前景的辅酶Q10发酵菌株.     

摇瓶发酵制取长链二元酸工艺条件的研究

通过摇瓶发酵,研究温度、摇瓶转速、碳源种类和浓度、氮源种类和浓度对热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)产酸的影响.结果表明:菌体生长的适宜温度为30℃,而菌体产酸的适宜温度则为32℃;摇瓶的适宜转速为210 r/min;菌体发酵的适宜外加碳源为蔗糖,适宜浓度为4g/L;菌体发酵适宜外加氮源为酵母膏和尿素,适宜浓度均为2 g/L.     

214型离子交换树脂固定化假丝酵母脂肪酶的研究

以假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida rugosa lipase)催化脂肪酸甲酯化是植物油精制副产物中提取天然维生素E的重要预处理反应.为提高预处理效果,通过固定化假丝酵母脂肪酶提高其酯化能力,降低水解反应的能力.笔者在不同性能树脂筛选的基础上,开展了离子交换树脂214型固定化假丝酵母脂肪酶的研究.以酶固定化率为指标,开展了酶质量浓度、树脂的量、缓冲液pH、固定化温度、时间和振荡速率等条件试验和响应面试验,得到的最适固定化条件为酶质量浓度6.09mg/mL,5mL酶液中加入0.75g树脂,缓冲液pH 8.4,振荡转速134.26r/min,固定化温度30℃,固定化时间4h.该条件下,假丝酵母脂肪酶与树脂的结合率最高,酶的水解作用基本消失,酯化能力得到保持,可以获得较好的维生素E提纯预处理效果.     

离子液体对热带假丝酵母细胞生物相容性的研究

采用琼脂扩散法、糖代谢活力保留法和细胞生长抑制试验评价了6种离子液体对热带假丝酵母104细胞的毒性大小,以期构建可用于热带假丝酵母细胞催化3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙酮不对称还原的含离子液体反应体系.研究表明:离子液体[EMIM](L)-Lac对热带假丝酵母细胞的毒性最小,在含该离子液体的体系中进行不对称还原时可获得最高产率.阴离子为(L)-Lac-的离子液体对细胞的毒性较BF4-的低;且阴离子为BF4-时,离子液体对细胞的毒性随阳离子咪唑环上烷基侧链取代基长度的增加而增加.与基于细胞生长抑制试验获得的离子液体EC50值的毒性评价相比较,采用琼脂扩散法和糖代谢活力保留法均可快速、简便地检测离子液体的生物相容性,后两种方法可为快速筛选合适的离子液体种类,以构建含离子液体反应体系提供一定的依据.     

Systemic Concocting of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozyme 435) for the Biomanufacturing of Rhamnolipids

In the present study, Candida antarctica lipase B was immobilized on amine-functionalized silica microspheres as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) and utilized for the biomanufacturing of rhamnolipids (RL). Lipase CLEA synthesized under optimized conditions of 2.0:1.0 by volume of silica microsphere/enzyme concentration, a 1.0:2.5 (v/v) ratio of enzyme/2-propanol, 7 mM glutaraldehyde concentration, when incubated at pH 9.0 and 40 °C, for a cross-linking time of 30 min were observed to exhibit superior biocatalytic properties and a maximum enzyme load of 770 U g⁻¹. Lipase CLEA exhibited enhanced pH stability in acidic and alkaline media and increased temperature resistance as compared to free lipase. Both free and CLEA lipases were used to synthesize RL in different solvent systems. After 12 h, from initiation of the esterification, the degree of esterification (molar conversion yield) reached 46% and 71% in the batch mode. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis confirm RL production by CLEA lipase. The CLEA showed greater confrontation to enzyme-mediated bioprocess approach as compared to its soluble counterpart and exhibited excellent RL production and catalytic activity even after its tenth successive reuse.     

A Thioether‐Stabilized d‐Proline–l‐Proline‐Induced β‐Hairpin Peptide of Defensin Segment Increases Its Anti‐Candida albicans Ability

We report a β‐hairpin dual stabilizing strategy: a d ‐proline‐l ‐proline (d ‐Pro‐l ‐Pro) dipeptide as the nucleating turn, and a thioether tether as a side‐chain linkage at a precisely designed position to stabilize the β‐hairpin. This method was used to modify the C‐terminal β‐hairpin moiety of the plant defensin, pv‐defensin, in order to obtain a stabilized peptide with enhanced anti‐Candida albicans activity (MIC 84–3.0 μm ), high serum stability (50 % remaining after 48 h) and low hemolysis (<10 % at 152 μm ). This modified peptide penetrated the C. albicans cell membrane within 5 min and showed high activity against clinically isolated antibiotic‐resistant C. albicans and Candida glabrata strains.     

热带假丝酵母不对称还原3,5-双三氟甲基苯乙酮制备手性醇(英文)

(S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol is a key chiral intermediate for the synthesis of NK-1 receptor antagonists. Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol was successfully performed in high enantiomeric excess (e.e.) through asymmetric reduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone catalyzed by Candida tropicalis 104 cells. The influence of some key reaction parameters such as substrate concentration, co-substrate and its concentration, biomass and reaction time was examined, respectively. The results showed that these factors obviously influence the yield, but the optical purity of the prepared product remains intact. The opti-mum conditions for the preparation of (S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol were found to be as follows: sub-strate concentration 50 mmol?L?1; 50 g·L-1 of maltose as co-substrate; wet cell concentration 300 g·L-1; reaction for 30 h. Under above optimal conditions, the maximum yield for (S)-3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl ethanol reached 70.3% with 100% of product e.e.