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51.
52.
Alinda Samsuri Mohd Nor Latif Mohd Razali Shamsuddin Fairous Salleh Maratun Najiha Abu Tahari Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin Norliza Dzakaria Mohd Ambar Yarmo 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(48):24831-24844
Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) analysis was applied to investigate the chemical reduction progression behavior of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) catalyst. The composition and morphology of the reduced phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The reduction progression of MoO3 catalyst was attained with different reductant types and concentration (10% H2/N2, 10% and 20% CO/N2 (%, v/v)). Two different modes of reduction process were applied. The first approach of reduction involved non-isothermal mode reduction up to 700 °C, while the second approach of reduction involved the isothermal mode reduction for 60 min at 700 °C. Hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) results showed the reduction progression of three-stage reduction of MoO3 (Mo6+ → Mo5+ → Mo4+ → Mo0) with Mo5+ and Mo4+. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of Mo4O11 phase as an intermediate phase followed by MoO2 phase. After 60 min of isothermal reduction, peaks of metallic molybdenum (Mo) appeared. Whereas, FESEM analysis showed porous crater-like structure on the surface cracks of MoO2 layer which led to the growth of Mo phase. Meanwhile, the reduction of MoO3 catalyst in 10% carbon monoxide (CO) showed the formation of unstable intermediate phase of Mo9O26 at the early stage of reduction. Furthermore, by increasing 20% CO led to the carburization of MoO2 phase, resulted in the formation of Mo2C rather than the formation of metallic Mo, as confirmed by XPS analysis. Therefore, the presented study shows that hydrogen gave better reducibility due to smaller molecular size, which contributed to high diffusion rate and achieved deeper penetration into the MoO3 catalyst compared to carbon monoxide reductant. Hence, the reduction of MoO3 in carbon monoxide atmosphere promoted the formation of Mo2C which was in agreement with the thermodynamic assessment. 相似文献
53.
Koji Morita Byung-Nam Kim Hidehiro Yoshida Keijiro Hiraga Yoshio Sakka 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(6):2588-2595
Carbon contamination from the carbon paper/dies during spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) processing was examined in the MgAl2O4 spinel. The carbon contamination sensitively changes with the heating rate during the SPS processing. At the high heating rate of 100 °C/min, the carbon contamination having organized structures occurred over almost the entire area from the surface to deep inside the SPSed spinel disk. In contrast, at the slow heating rate of 10 °C/min, the carbon contamination having disordered structures occurred only around the surface area. The carbon phases transform into high pressure CO/CO2 gases by post-annealing in air and lead to pore formation along the grain junctions. The pore formation significantly occurs at the high heating rate due to the large amount of the contaminant carbon phases. This suggests that if once the carbon contamination was formed in the materials, it is very difficult to remove the carbon phases from the materials. 相似文献
54.
Antonio Vinci Luca Zoli Diletta Sciti 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(11):3767-3776
The microstructure and the oxidation resistance in air of continuous carbon fibre reinforced ZrB2–SiC ceramic composites were investigated. SiC content was varied between 5–20?vol.%, while maintaining fibre content at ~40?vol.%. Short term oxidation tests in air were carried out at 1500 and 1650?°C in a bottom-up loading furnace. The thickness, composition and microstructure of the resulting oxide scale were analysed by SEM-EDS and X-Ray diffraction. The results show that contents above 15?vol.% SiC ensure the formation of a homogeneous protective borosilicate glass that covers the entire sample and minimizes fibre burnout. The scale thickness is ~90?μm for the sample containing 5?vol.% SiC and decreases with increasing SiC content. 相似文献
55.
Yejun Wu Bowen Yan Juan Zhou Huizhang Lian Xiaojun Yu Jianxin Zhao Hao Zhang Wei Chen Daming Fan 《Journal of food science》2020,85(10):3282-3292
56.
Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, PHAs, have been covalently grafted onto the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs, providing nanofillers (MWCNT-graft-PHAs) with enhanced compatibility and reinforcement effect towards PHAs. MWCNTs were first modified by in-situ generated diazonium cations obtained from a hydroxyl-containing aniline derivative, yielding MWCNTs with reactive hydroxyl surface groups, MWCNT-OH. Then, MWCNT-graft-PHAs were obtained by direct, i.e. without using any catalyst, transesterification approach. The successful chemical modification of MWCNTs surface was evidenced by Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis confirming the covalent grafting of PHA on MWCNT. 3-Dimension mats were further produced through electrospinning of a PHA/MWCNT-graft-PHA solution providing nanocomposites with well-defined nanofibrous morphology. No aggregation of the MWCNTs was evidenced by SEM attesting that the grafting of PHA onto MWCNT improved their dispersion within the PHA matrix and consequently, the properties of the corresponding nanomaterials. Indeed, mechanical analysis results have shown that nanofibers loaded with MWCNT-graft-PHA (3 wt%) displayed excellent properties with an increase (+41%) of the tensile strain at break without any decrease of the high elastic modulus as compared to pristine PHA (131 MPa). 相似文献
57.
In this paper, debonding phenomena between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips and masonry support were investigated on the basis of single-lap shear tests, considering different dimensions of the bond length. To capture the post-peak response of the CFRP–masonry joint, the slip between the support and the reinforcement strip was controlled using a clip gauge positioned at the end of the reinforcement. The tests were simulated by means of a finite element model able to capture the post-peak snap-back behavior due to the failure process. The numerical model is based on zero-thickness interface elements and on a proper non-linear cohesive law. The comparison between experimental and numerical results was performed in terms of overall response, measured by both the machine stroke and the clip gauge positioned at the free end of the reinforcement. The cases of effective bond length greater and lesser than the minimum anchorage length, suggested by the CNR Italian recommendation, were considered. 相似文献
58.
The present study focuses on experimental investigation of through the thickness displacement and strain field in thin adhesive layer in single sided (unsymmetrical) patch repaired CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) panel under tensile load. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique is employed to acquire the displacement and strain (longitudinal, peel and shear) field. Experimental determination of shear transfer length based on shear strain field obtained from DIC is introduced to estimate the optimum overlap length which is an essential parameter in patch design for the repair of CFRP structures. Further, DIC experiment with magnified optics is performed to get an insight into complex and localized strain field over thin adhesive layer especially at critical zones leading to damage initiation. The failure mechanism, load displacement behavior, damage initiation and propagation are closely monitored using DIC. The influence of patch edge tapering on strain distribution in adhesive layer is also investigated. The DIC successfully captures the global and localized strain field at critical zones over thin adhesive layer and further helps in monitoring the damage based on strain anomalies. Strains are found to have maximum magnitude at the patch overlap edge and the shear strain level in adhesive layer is higher than the peel strain. Normal tapering increases the peel strain and has negligible influence on shear strain level in adhesive layer. The recommended overlap length is found to be consistent with the recommendation in the literature. Whole field strain pattern and the overlap length obtained from experiment are further compared with the finite element analysis results and they appear to be in good coherence. 相似文献
59.
Seong‐Hee Kim 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2015,31(6):923-934
We present a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart for monitoring the variability of an autocorrelated process. A quantity known as the asymptotic variance parameter is employed as a measure of the variability, and a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart is applied to variance estimates calculated from batches of nonoverlapping samples. The proposed chart is applicable to a stationary process with a general marginal distribution and a general autocorrelation structure. It also determines control limits analytically without trial‐and‐error simulations. The performance of the proposed chart is tested on stationary processes with both normal and nonnormal marginals with various autocorrelation structures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
60.
目前,基于因素空间理论的背景基提取算法计算过程复杂,初始化必须依赖各因素极值,基点数量提取冗余等原因,未能在应用中取得很好效果。为此,结合内点判别法和知识可继承、可扩展的思想,提出一种计算简单、初始化独立、基点数量小的改进的背景基提取算法。然后,利用改进的背景基提取算法构造出一种全新的数据分类算法-基点分类算法,基点分类算法以提取每一类样本的背景基为预测模型,再通过新定义的λ-背景基,优化预测模型。数值实验表明:基点分类算法原理简单、构造难度小、分类模型泛化能力强,预测能力准确率高,同时严格的模型限定区域又能为识别新类别提供新方法。 相似文献