In-fiber liquid-level probe based on Michelson interferometer via dual-mode elliptical multilayer-core fiber

Abstract

An in-fiber liquid-level probe fabricated from homemade dual-mode elliptical multilayer-core fiber (EMCF) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed sensor simply consists of a segment of the EMCF with one end coated with silver film, and a Michelson interferometer is roughly established when light from single-mode fiber incident from the other end. The detected interference patterns, rather clean due to the few-mode property, shift as the liquid level due to strong interaction between high-order modes and measurands through evanescent waves. Both the propagation characteristics and operation principle of such a sensor were demonstrated in detail, and sensitivities of 33.48, 43.35, and 48.93 pm/mm corresponding to liquid indices of 1.333, 1.353, and 1.373 were successfully achieved with a 50-mm EMCF probe, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor had the potential to discriminate measurand index after proper calibration.     

Low-velocity impact damage response of fiberglass/magnesium fiber-metal laminates under different size and shape impactors

Low-velocity impact tests are performed on fiberglass/AZ31B-H24 magnesium fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) with various configurations in order to gain a better understanding of the effect of an impactor's features on the response of this type of FML. For that, impactors with two different shapes (hemispherical and sharp-edged) and sizes are used to impact the specimens. The impact response data, such as the deformation of the contact location and energy absorption, is obtained directly during the impact tests through the impact equipment, while mechanical sectioning was carried out to establish the extent of delaminated area and post-impact residual deformation. While the sharp-edged impactor caused the development of cracks on the metal constituent, and delamination within the specimens, the hemispherical ones imposed more influence over the residual deformation. Noticeable differences are observed in response of FML specimens made with two and three layers of magnesium, especially with respect to the energy absorption capacity. Moreover, finite-element analysis, as a major part of this study, has been employed to simulate the low-velocity impact response of FML specimens. The behavior of specimens has been simulated using the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS. The results imply that there is a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results.     

等离子体清洗同步辐射光学元件

同步辐射光束线的光学元件的碳污染问题.它导致光学系统的光通量下降,尤其是在碳吸收边情况更加严重.因此在光束线运行一定的时间后,必须对光学元件的碳污染进行清洗以便保证其正常使用. 为此我们开发了一套射频等离子体原位光学元件清洗系统,以干燥的氧气和氩气为介质.在产生的等离子中存在大量的臭氧,与光学元件表面的碳反应,变成CO和CO_2气体,从而达到清洗的目的.实验证明等离子体清洗不但可有效清除碳污染,而且有利于光束线真空系统的超高真空环境的恢复,为光束线的维护提供了方便.     

连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料国外应用研究进展

连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料（CFRCMCs）因具有高比强、高比模、高可靠性、耐高温等优异性能，已成为航空航天、军事、能源等领域理想的高温结构材料。主要介绍了国外CFRCMCs在热防护系统、火箭发动机和超燃冲压发动机上应用的研究进展。     

Microstructure characterization of CVI-densified carbon/carbon composites with various fiber distributions

Mechanical behavior of multi-phase composites is crucially influenced by volume fractions, orientation distributions and geometries of microconstituents. In the case of carbon–carbon composites manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration, the microconstituents are carbon fibers, pyrolytic carbon matrix, and pores. The local variable thickness of the pyrolytic carbon coating, distribution of the fibers and porosity are the main factors influencing the properties of these materials. Two types of fiber arrangements are considered in this paper: 2D laminated preform and random felt. The materials are characterized by determining their densities and their fiber distribution functions, by establishing types of pyrolytic carbon matrix present in the composites, and by studying the porosity. A technique utilizing X-ray computed tomography for estimation of the orientation distribution of the fibers and pores with arbitrary shapes is developed. A methodology based on the processing of microstructure images with subsequent numerical simulation of the coating growth around the fibers is proposed for estimation of the local thickness of the coating. The obtained information is appropriate for micromechanical modeling and prediction of the overall thermo-mechanical properties of the studied composites.     

Metal-doped diamond-like carbon films synthesized by filter-arc deposition

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films are extensively utilized in the semiconductor, electric and cutting machine industries owing to their high hardness, high elastic modulus, low friction coefficients and high chemical stability. DLC films are prepared by ion beam-assisted deposition (BAD), sputter deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), cathodic arc evaporation (CAE), and filter arc deposition (FAD). The major drawbacks of these methods are the degraded hardness associated with the low sp³/sp² bonding ratio, the rough surface and poor adhesion caused by the presence of particles. In this study, a self-developed filter arc deposition (FAD) system was employed to prepare metal-containing DLC films with a low particle density. The relationships between the DLC film properties, such as film structure, surface morphology and mechanical behavior, with variation of substrate bias and target current, are examined. Experimental results demonstrate that FAD-DLC films have a lower ratio, suggesting that FAD-DLC films have a greater sp³ bonding than the CAE-DLC films. FAD-DLC films also exhibit a low friction coefficient of 0.14 and half of the number of surface particles as in the CAE-DLC films. Introducing a CrN interfacial layer between the substrate and the DLC films enables the magnetic field strength of the filter to be controlled to improve the adhesion and effectively eliminate the contaminating particles. Accordingly, the FAD system improves the tribological properties of the DLC films.     

类金刚石薄膜的慢正电子分析

采用射频－直流等离子化学气相沉积法制备类金刚石薄膜,用慢正电子湮灭技术研究了类金刚石薄膜中缺陷的深度分布,并系统研究了工艺参数对类金刚石薄膜中缺陷浓度的影响．实验结果表明,单晶Si衬底具有很高的缺陷浓度,类金刚石薄膜中的缺陷浓度较低．且缺陷均匀分布,薄膜表面存在一缺陷浓度较高的薄层,而膜一基之间存在一很宽的界面层,界面层内缺陷浓度随离衬底表面距离的增加而线性降低,到达薄膜心部后,缺陷浓度趋于稳定．类金刚石薄膜的缺陷浓度和膜－基界面层宽度都随负偏压的升高呈先降低、后增加再降低的变化趋势．薄膜中的缺陷浓度随混合气体中C₂H₂含量的升高而单调增大,但C₂H₂含量对界面层宽度没有影响．     

Polarized light microscopy and spectroscopy of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes

Polarized light microscopy (PLM) is used to image individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended in air across a slit opening. The imaging contrast relies on the strong optical anisotropy typical of SWNTs. We combine PLM with a tunable light source to enable hyperspectral excitation spectroscopy and nanotube chirality assignment. Comparison with fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy confirms the assignment made with PLM. This represents a versatile new approach to imaging SWNTs and related structures.      

Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by arc-vaporization under high gravity condition

Arc-vaporization is one of the common methods to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However the detailed synthesis mechanism is still not clear, and the synthesis of longer and chirality-selected SWNTs has not been obtained. Here influence of the gravity G = 1 g₀, 2 g₀, and 3 g₀ is studied in order to develop the synthesis method of SWNTs. Simultaneously, calculations of heat convection are also carried out by using a fluid simulation program and the results are compared with the experimental results.     

预应力FRP加固RC梁界面疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

以预应力纤维增强复合材料（FRP）片材加固钢筋混凝土（RC）梁为研究对象,探讨了该类加固梁中FRP与混凝土之间界面疲劳裂纹的扩展规律。基于界面裂纹尖端的力学分析模型,理论推导了三点弯曲加固梁的界面裂纹应力强度因子（SIF）的计算公式,分析了FRP预应力水平对SIF的影响,并结合加固梁的界面裂纹扩展实验,提出了该类加固梁...