Adsorption of l-histidine over mesoporous carbon molecular sieves

Mesoporous carbon, CMK-3, was prepared by large pore hexagonal mesoporous silica SBA-15. The structural order and textural properties of all the materials were studied by XRD, HRTEM, and nitrogen adsorption. Adsorption of l-histidine (His) over various porous adsorbents such as CMK-3, SBA-15, and activated carbon was studied from solutions with different pH. His adsorption was observed to be pH dependent with maximum adsorption near the isoelectric point of the amino acid. CMK-3 showed a larger amount of His adsorption as compared to SBA-15 and the conventional adsorbent, namely activated carbon. CMK-3 registers the total adsorption capacity of ca. 1350 μmol g⁻¹ which is ca. 12 times higher than the adsorption capacity of SBA-15. This large difference could be mainly due to the stronger hydrophobic interaction between the non-polar side chains of amino acids and the hydrophobic surface of the mesoporous carbon as compared to mesoporous silica. The influence of ionic strengths on the adsorption of His was also studied and the results are discussed. Nitrogen adsorption of CMK-3 after His adsorption confirmed that His molecules are tightly packed inside the mesopores.     

The polymer blend technique as a method for designing fine carbon materials

The polymer blend technique is proposed as a method for designing fine carbon materials. In principle a blend consisting of polymers with and without carbon residue after heating is subjected to melt-spinning, stabilization and finally carbonization. A combination of two polymers and control of the blend texture are important for using the technique successfully. In this paper, three prepared fine carbon materials are introduced, i.e. carbon fibers including thin and long pores aligned parallel to the fiber, thin carbon fibers 200-300 nm in diameter and carbon nanotubes with 10-20-nm outer diameter. In particular the carbon nanotubes are described in detail to emphasize the great potential of the polymer blend technique. Further possibilities of the technique are also discussed briefly.     

掺高钙粉煤灰混凝土的强度与耐久性试验

研究了不同粉煤灰掺量的高钙粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度、抗碳化及抗氯离子渗透性能.结果表明,随着Ⅱ级高钙粉煤灰掺量的增加,28d的抗压强度相比于基准混凝土要低,60d和90d抗压强度则可达到甚至超过基准混凝土.而掺Ⅲ级高钙粉煤灰混凝土28d后的强度增长则不显著;掺Ⅱ级高钙粉煤灰的混凝土均比同龄期基准混凝土的碳化深度小,而掺Ⅲ级高钙粉煤灰时混凝土的碳化深度略大.试验还表明,掺Ⅱ、Ⅲ级高钙粉煤灰混凝土的抗氯离子渗透能力均比基准混凝土好.     

无粘结预应力混凝土结构耐久性研究

对无粘结预应力混凝土结构的耐久性进行了研究 ,分析了混凝土的碳化、无粘结预应力筋防腐润滑油脂的耐久性能和无粘结预应力锚固体系抗腐蚀的性能 ,提出了提高无粘结预应力混凝土结构耐久性的有效途径。     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维制备工艺研究进展

综述了近年来聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维(CF)在制备方面的新工艺,介绍了这些新的处理工艺的作用机理和作用效果,并展望了这些工艺在未来的发展方向。     

Facile synthesis of hierarchically porous carbons by controlling the initial oxygen concentration in-situ carbonization of ZIF-8 for efficient water treatment

The state-of-the-art approaches for adjusting the structural characteristics of porous carbons are the after-treatments, which are complicated and time consuming. In this work, a facile approach was developed, i.e., controlling the initial oxygen concentration in-situ during the direct carbonization of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8), to adjust the pore structure and prepare hierarchically porous carbons. The introduction of oxygen can significantly affect the crystalline and pore structures of porous carbons, and promote the pore widening and the formation of mesopores. An appropriate initial oxygen concentration can notably enhance the surface area and mesopore volume of porous carbon, and then improve the adsorption capacity toward methylene blue (MB) dye from water by 3.4 times. The developed approach is more efficient at lower carbonization temperature. Moreover, the introduction of oxygen can increase the ratio of HOCO groups on the carbon surface, leading to enhanced interaction with MB molecules and higher adsorption capacity toward MB. The as-prepared porous carbons exhibit superior adsorption capacities toward MB dye as compared to the reported ZIF-8 derived carbons. These findings would aid the development of porous carbon materials with high performance.     

碳化作用下固化氯离子失稳特性研究

通过在拌合水中预先引入不同数量的氯离子,成型净浆,由溶出法测试碳化前后自由氯离子含量,并利用X-射线衍射方法(XRD)分析碳化前后净浆物相组成,研究了在碳化作用下固化氯离子的稳定性.结果表明,混凝土中氯离子结合满足Tuutti提出的线性吸附关系;固化氯离子并不牢固,在碳化作用下会释放;当碳化使混凝土的pH值降为11.5时,70％以上的固化氯离子会被释放;矿物掺合料具有提高胶凝材料中固化氯离子稳定性的作用;XRD分析证实了碳化会使水泥石中Friedel盐分解,由此造成固化氯离子的释放.     

Towards a non-CVD process for high-performance C-C composites: Part II

Part I of this study covered the matrix and pocessibility studies to establish the feasibility of a non-CVD process for manufacturing high performance C-C composites. Part II of this study covers the overview of Carbonization and Graphitizations investigations that ultimately led to a satisfactory product in processing times that were more than an order of magnitude shorter than those of typical CVD processes.     

Effect of carbonization temperature on the structure and microwave absorbing properties of hollow carbon fibres

A series of polyacrylonitrile-based hollow carbon fibres (PAN-HCFs) were prepared by carbonizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow cured fibres at temperature ranging from 550 to 950 °C for 1 h in nitrogen. The effects of carbonization temperature on the structure, elemental compositions, surface electrical conductivity, electromagnetic parameters and reflectivity of PAN-HCFs were investigated. Results indicate that the obtained PAN-HCFs have not been graphitized and the C content and surface electrical conductivity increases as the carbonization temperature increases. The reflectivity of composites of PAN-HCFs and resin is −7.50 dB at 6.06 GHz and the band of the reflectivity under −5 dB is 6 GHz when the carbonization temperature is 750 °C.     

Modeling initial stage of phenolic pyrolysis: Graphitic precursor formation and interfacial effects

Reactive molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the initial stage of pyrolysis of phenolic polymers with carbon nanotube and carbon fiber. The products formed are characterized and water is found to be the primary product in all cases. The water formation mechanisms are analyzed and the value of the activation energy for water formation is estimated. A detailed study of graphitic precursor formation reveals the presence of two temperature zones. In the lower temperature zone (<2000 K) polymerization occurs resulting in the formation of large, stable graphitic precursors, while in the high temperature zone (>2000 K) polymer scission results in formation of short polymer chains/molecules. Simulations performed in the high temperature zone of the phenolic resin (with carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers) show that the presence of interfaces does not have a substantial effect on the chain scission rate or the activation energy value for water formation.