25Cr_2Mo_1V钢螺栓在长期高温高压下脆化机理的研究

通过对已脆化的２５Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ１Ｖ钢螺栓及经恢复热处理后的螺栓的金相及电子显微分析,阐述了２５Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ１Ｖ钢在长期高温高压下工作发生脆化的原因,讨论了恢复热处理对脆化螺栓恢复性能的作用     

17-4PH马氏体不锈钢350℃长期时效脆化研究

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度测定以及示波冲击试验(instrumental impact test)研究了17-4PH马氏体不锈钢在350％：长期时效过程中显微组织、硬度、冲击韧性以及断口形貌的变化规律。结果表明：该马氏体不锈钢在350℃长期时效的过程中，随着时效时间的延长．其硬度升高，并在时效9000h时达到最大值；其裂纹萌生功(Ei)，裂纹扩展功(Ep)和总冲击功(Et)都随时效时间的延长而逐渐下降。根据示波冲击曲线获得了17-4PH马氏体不锈钢的动态断裂韧性Ktd，其动态断裂韧性也表现出和Ei，Ep及Et相类似的变化规律。该不锈钢的夏氏V型缺口(Charpy V-notch)冲击试样断口形貌随着时效时间的延长由韧窝断裂为主向准解理断裂和沿晶断裂为主变化。     

82B线材脆性断裂原因分析

82B线材在终轧后冷速过快导致表层出现马氏体是引起脆性断裂的原因之一.心部成分偏析导致奥氏体过冷,从而使马氏体出现在轴心部位,在拉拔过程中轴心马氏体断成竹节状,变成脆性断裂的裂纹源.大型脆性的夹杂物也是引起线材脆性断裂的起源.     

材料脆化对汽轮机组启动预热和超速试验温度的影响

分析了长期服役汽轮机转子产生的材料脆化现象，提出了老机组的启动预热温度和超速试验温度应以转子的脆性转变温度变化量△FATT为依据进行制定，才能预防转子的脆性破坏，确保老机组的安全可靠运行。     

Secondary work embrittlement of cold-rolled 05CuPCrNi sheet at low temperature

Due to the rapid development of China's rail transportation equipment manufacturing industry and related international distribution,important material suppliers such as Baoshan Iron Steel Co.,Ltd.carries on investigating the stability of material under extremely cold conditions.In this study,mechanical properties and secondary work embrittlement of weathering steel 05 CuPCrNi were tested at low temperature.Compared to the mechanical properties at room temperature,the yield and tensile strength increase slightly with decreasing temperature.However,the variation of elongation is not obvious.The experimental results also show that the secondary work embrittlement transition temperature of 05 CuPCrNi is lower than-60 ℃.These results provide the basis for the use of this train body material in extremely cold regions.     

Research of the Continuous Casting Slab Transverse Cracking During Retarded Cooling Process

In this paper, the reason of 50Mn2V transverse cracking is studied by optical metallographic, SEM and in situ analysis system. Results show that the pearlite is surrounded by the net‐like pro‐eutectoid ferrite which locates at the former austenite grain boundary, the hydrogen content (ca.2 × 10^?4 wt%) exceeds the critical solubility in room temperature structure, divers types, and sizes inclusions (10–100 µm), plenty of fissures (2–50 µm) and classical cleavage fracture surface are obviously observed, meanwhile, a great degree of elements segregation (P, S, V, Ni, Cr correspond to 1.757, 1.674, 1.729, 1.475, 1.195, respectively) and a poorly 0.9283 integral density exist in this blank. From the above, internal gas pressure should be the dominant factor that leads the transverse embrittlement, while internal stresses, element segregation, and defects play an ancillary role.     

The effect of rolling at different temperatures on the fracture toughness anisotropy of a C-Mn structural steel

Abstract

The toughness of rolled plates of a plain C-Mn steel was evaluated for three sections, at different temperatures, by means of small-scale Wedge Open Loading (WOL) specimens. These were machined to orient the fracture plane parallel to the rolling plane, the transverse plane or the longitudinal plane which, according to the ASTM Standards code (12) are termed the S-L, the L-T and the T-L orientations, respectively. In addition, small tensile specimens having the tensile axis perpendicular to the rolling plane were tested at different temperatures.

The plates had been soaked at various temperatures between 1200°C and 680°C (finishing temperatures ～980°C to ～680°C) and then continuously rolled to the final thickness of 3/4-in. (10). The observed toughness depended on finishing temperature and also on specimen orientation; the S-L orientation being the least and the L-T orientation the most tough in any given plate. Brittle fractures were observed on the rolling-plane (S-L orientation) of WOL specimens made from. plates that had been soaked at temperatures ≤800°C (finishing temperatures ≤760°C) and these were attributed to the microstructure and texture. Scanning electron micrographs disclosed that elongated MnS inclusions were principally responsible for the fracture toughness anisotropy for higher soaking and finishing temperatures.

Résumé

La résistance de plaques laminées d'un acier au carbone et manganèse fut évaluée à differentes températures, selon les trois orientations possibles du plan de rupture par rapport au plan de laminage. Les éprouvettes ont été usinées conformément à une homothétie: reduite de la géométrie WOL (wedge open loading) et de sorte que le plan de rupture soit parallèle au plan de laminage, au plan transversal ou au plan longitudinal Ces orientations sont appelées S-L, L-T, et T-L respectivement, suivant les normes de l'ASTM (12). De plus, de petites éprouvettes de traction dont les axes de traction sont perpendiculaires au plan de laminage, furent expérimentées a differentes températures.

Les plaques ont été maintenues à differentes températures entre 1200°C et 680°C (températures finales de 980°C a 680°C), puis laminées en continue jusqu'à une épaisseur finale de 3/4 po. (10). On trouve que la resilience observee depend de la température finale et de 1'orientation de l'eprouvette. L'orientation S-L a été la moins résiliente tandis que 1'orientation L-T a été la plus résiliente de toutes les plaques expérimentées. Des cas de rupture fragile ont été observés sur le plan de laminage (orientation S-L) d' éprouvettes WOL obtenues de plaques ayant été maintenues à des températures ≤ 800°C (températures finales ≤760°C), et ceux-ci sont attribués à la microstructure et la tex ture du rnateriau. Des micrographics obtenues du microscope électronique a balayage révélèrent que des inclusions allongées de MnS étaient en grande partie responsables de l'anisotropie de la résistance a la rupture pour de plus hautes températures de maintien et températures finales.     

The dependence of fatigue crack growth on hydrogen in warm-rolled 316 austenitic stainless steel

The fatigue crack growth rate of warm-rolled AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was investigated by controlling rolling strain and temperature in argon and hydrogen gas atmospheres. The fatigue crack growth rates of warm-rolled 316 specimens tested in hydrogen decreased with increasing rolling temperature, especially 400 °C. By controlling the deformation temperature and strain, the influences of microstructure (including dislocation structure, deformation twins and α′ martensite) and its evolution on hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical properties were separately discussed. Deformation twins deceased and dislocations became more uniform with the increase in rolling temperature, inhibiting the formation of dynamic α′ martensite during the crack propagation. In the cold-rolled 316 specimens, deformation twins accelerated hydrogen-induced crack growth due to the α′ martensitic transformation at the crack tip. In the warm-rolled specimens, the formation of α′ martensite around the crack tip was completely inhibited, which greatly reduced the fatigue crack growth rate in hydrogen atmosphere.     

Effect of microstructure inhomogeneity on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of X80 welding HAZ under pressurized gaseous hydrogen

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-grade pipeline welded joint is a threat to hydrogen gas transport. In this research, slow strain rate tension (SSRT) tests in high-pressure hydrogen gas, combined with hydrogen permeation tests and microstructure analysis were conducted on X80 steel, intercritical heated-affected zone (ICHAZ), fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ). The change of HE susceptibility from high to low was CGHAZ, FGHAZ, ICHAZ, and base metal. Microstructure was the important factor influencing hydrogen permeation and susceptibility to HE. Susceptibility to HE was increased in the order of “fine-grained massive ferrite (MF) and acicular ferrite (AF)”, “fine-grained granular bainite (GB) and MF”, “coarse-grained GB and bainite ferrite (BF) embedded with martensite-austenite (M-A) constitute”. The fine-grained MF and AF in base metal with lower hydrogen diffusivity can impede the embrittlement behaviour, while the coarse-grained GB and BF with higher hydrogen diffusivity in CGHAZ increased its susceptibility to HE.     

Effect of hydrogen in advanced high strength steel materials

The effect of hydrogen in AHSS material (automobile and structural component) was discussed. Dual Phase steels were highly susceptible to hydrogen-related failure when working on hydrogen environment. The influence of hydrogen on TRIP steel was seen during fractographic examination where the brittle transgranular fracture was presented. TWIP steels results were inconsistent. The mechanisms which were responsible for crack growth are discussed. LIST and SSRT testing were performed for mechanical properties evaluation and SEM and TEM were used for microstructural examination of fractured samples. Simultaneous preventing methods to reduce hydrogen embrittlement such as coating, alloying and providing diffusion layer were discussed.