PTA装置加氢反应器在碱环境中的应力腐蚀分析及防护

针对PTA装置加氢反应器在高温碱环境下发生应力腐蚀的问题,采用光学显微镜和EDS等仪器对构件的腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物进行了分析,并通过ANSYS有限元软件得到了热应力大小及分布情况,得出了形成碱腐蚀的主要因素及相互作用,据此提出了相应的防护和改进措施。     

数据清洗对热轧微合金钢性能预报模型的改进

摘要：对热轧0.1C-5Mn中锰钢进行了3种不同的处理制度：在两相区分别进行5min(TG7样)和30min退火(TG8样),随后将一部分TG8样再500℃回火60min(TG8-500样),其余TG8样则拉伸预变形5%(TG8-5%样),然后利用电化学充氢和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3种试样的氢脆敏感性。结果表明,3种试样的奥氏体体积分数均约为12%,然而其氢含量和氢脆敏感性却不同,其中TG8-500样几乎不呈现氢脆敏感性,而TG7和TG8-5%样的氢脆敏感性指数分别为56%和67%。扫描电镜断口分析表明,充氢的TG7和TG8-5%样的拉伸断口呈现穿晶+沿晶的混合断裂机制,而充氢的TG8-500样则呈现韧窝韧性断裂,且存在较多的二次裂纹。3种实验钢氢脆敏感性的这种差异主要与其微观组织特征特别是原奥氏体晶界的逆转变奥氏体有关。     

高强度钢低氢脆镀镉钛工艺的应用

按照镀镉钛工艺进行试镀,试镀后的试件进行结合力、耐蚀性、氢脆性、电流效率、镀层钛含量等一系列质量检测。实验结果均满足工艺质量控制要求。     

烧碱在油田污水处理中最佳浓度的确定方法

注水开发是国内外油田主要的开采方式 ,注入水水质的好坏直接关系到油田开发效果。烧碱是一种非常重要的水处理药剂 ,具有调节注入水pH值、缓蚀、除铁等作用 ,但适量加碱调节注入水的pH值才是加碱的主要目的。提出了对烧碱在油田注水处理中的最佳浓度的确定方法 ,并以江汉油田王一站、钟市站为例进行了经济分析评价。     

等温淬火温度对奥贝球铁水脆化行为的影响

研究了等温淬火温度对奥贝球铁(ADI)水脆化行为的影响，水附着条件下不同等温淬火温度处理的ADI均发生水脆化行为，抗拉强度和伸长率显著降低；但随着等温淬火温度升高，ADI的水脆化程度降低。高强度的ADI、淬火回火球铁和珠光体球铁均发生水脆化行为，而铁素体含量高的铸态球铁和铁素体球铁无明显的水脆化行为。     

X-RAY TOPOGRAPHIC STUDY OF HYDROGEN DAMAGE IN Fe-3 wt-% Si ALLOY

The formation and aggravation of hydrogen damage in Fe-3 wt-％ Si alloy during cathodiccharging Were studied by means of Lange transmission X-ray topography.Results showedthat hydrogen damage did not form in the specimens charged in 0.5 mol/L H_2S0_4 so-lution without poison,and occurred with addition of 250 mg/L As_2O_3 even at very lowcharge current density.As charging at a certain current density,the size of the damagemay enlarge up to a limit yet no more by prolonged time.The damage size increasedwith increase of charging current density,but not so apparent at high current density.An external tensile stress could promote the formation of hydrogen damage obviously.It seems that for charging in H_2SO_4 solution containing poison,the drop of hydrogenpermeation curve against time prolongation is due to the formation of hydrogen damages.     

Influence of plasma nitriding on hydrogen environment embrittlement of 1.4301 austenitic stainless steel

The aim of this work was to study if hydrogen environment embrittlement of DIN 1.4301 austenitic stainless steel can be suppressed by a nitrided surface. DIN 1.4301 was plasma nitrided in a N₂/H₂ discharge. Nitriding produced 3-layered structure consisting of a γ_N top layer, an intermediate γ/γ_C-layer and a diffusion layer. It is assumed that the γ_C phase was formed due to the decomposition of CO originating from the reactor walls and the subsequent incorporation of C into the material. The γ_C phase is characterized by distinct XRD peaks and carbon contents between 0.5 and 4 wt.% as well as nitrogen contents between 0.5 and 8 wt.%. Plastic deformation of the plasma nitrided specimen showed cracks and some delamination of the γ_N layer, whereas the γ/γ_C-layer behaved in a very ductile manner. Even at a plastic deformation of 35% no cracks or any other damage was visible. A tensile test in gaseous hydrogen showed severe embrittlement of the unnitrided steel and the nitrided steel with a γ_N layer. No cracks were observed in areas where just the γ/γ_C-layer was present.     

预充氢马氏体时效钢的氢脆性能研究

目的研究预先存在于试样中的氢对材料力学性能的影响。方法对固溶态和三种时效态18Ni马氏体时效钢,采用双电解槽装置测量了其氢扩散系数,用热分析法获得了材料的氢扩散激活能。采用慢应变速率拉伸法评估了在预充氢后镀镉密封试样的力学性能,并由此评估它们的氢脆敏感性。结果固溶态试样的氢扩散系数最大,为1.40×10~(-8)_ cm~2/s;对时效态试样,当时效温度分别为465、490、530℃时,氢扩散系数分别为6.23×10~(-9)、5.52×10~(-9)、2.84×10~(-9) cm~2/s,即随时效温度升高,扩散系数降低。而扩散激活能正好相反,固溶态的最小,其他的依次逐渐升高。四种试样均显示出氢脆敏感性,且随着预充氢电流密度升高而增大。T465和T490的氢脆敏感性均大于58%,T530的氢脆敏感性小于40%。四种试样的断口形貌均表现为由中心起裂,向周围呈放射状扩展。中心起裂源处为典型的沿晶开裂,扩展区为准解理开裂。结论过时效态样品的抗氢脆性能最好。预先存在于试样中的氢在拉伸过程中向中心富集,造成中心沿晶开裂,与动态充氢拉伸断口相反。     

Prevention of liquid metal embrittlement cracks in resistance spot welds by adaption of electrode geometry

ABSTRACT

Advanced high strength steels are usually coated by a zinc layer for an increased resistance against corrosion. During the resistance spot welding of zinc coated steel grades, liquid metal embrittlement (LME) may occur. As a result, cracking inside and around the spot weld indentation is observable. The extent of LME cracks is influenced by a variety of different factors. In this study, the impact of the used electrode geometry is investigated over a stepwise varied weld time. A spot welding finite element simulation is used to analyse and explain the observed effects. Results show significant differences especially for highly increased weld times. Based on identical overall dimensions, electrode geometries with a larger working plane allow for longer weld times, while still preventing LME within the investigated material and maintaining accessibility.     

奥氏体Fe-Mn合金的低温脆性

奥氏体型合金一般具有优良的低温韧性.本文对奥氏体Fe-Mn合金低温变脆现象进行了研究.实验结果肯定了低温下有冷脆倾向;指出随Mn含量增多,冷脆转变温度增高,呈沿晶脆断;发现Mn沿晶界偏聚,且Mn含量愈高偏析程度愈大;初步分析了晶界Mn富集造成冷脆的因素;未能证实前人提到的可能引起低温变脆的-100℃时面心立方→面心四方相变的存在.