A Wear Detection Parameter for the Wheel–Rail Contact Based on Emitted Noise

This article describes how a wheel–rail wear detection parameter based on noise was developed by running a rapid transit train instrumented with microphones in a depot with a small curve radius. This full-scale test made use of previous knowledge gained from lab-scale tests. The lab- and full-scale tests showed that noise could be used as an indicator of wear transition, when normal wear turns into severe or catastrophic wear. This transition was accompanied by a significant increase in sound pressure and a broader sound pressure amplitude spectrum; that is, a narrow initial amplitude distribution in the normal wear regime and a broader distribution in the severe wear regime. The measured noise from the inner/low and outer/high rails was analyzed in conjunction with the wear from the outer wheel and comparisons were made between cleaned (exposed to severe wear) and lubricated (no wear) rail. Based on those analyses, a wear detection parameter criterion was developed for this specific train. This wear parameter has been implemented in a real-time condition monitoring system so that warnings of the risk for severe wear could be sent to the maintenance department. Validation of the wear parameter and challenges linked to open system conditions are discussed in this article.     

Nanoindentation and scratch behaviour of Ni–P electroless coatings

ABSTRACT

In the present paper, the mechanical properties and the scratch failure mechanisms of Ni–P electroless coatings are described. The material microstructure was studied in as-deposited and annealed conditions through SEM and EDS analyses. Nanoindentation measurements on the coatings showed a remarkable hardening due to the crystallization and precipitation behaviour produced by annealing. The scratch tests, conducted by increasing the load during scratch, revealed the coating failure mechanisms in a broad range of applied stresses up to delamination.     

单晶体Cd1-xMnxTe中的法拉第旋转

室温下测量了本实验室生长的Cd0.8Mn0.2Te和Cd0.9Mn0.1Te单晶体的法拉第旋转谱.通过提高布里渊区中心L点的能隙值(E1)改进了法拉第旋转的多振子模型.用改进的模型拟合实验结果,得到Cd0.8Mn0.2Te和Cd0.9Mn0.1Te单晶体布里渊区中心F点的能隙值(E0)分别为1.804 eV和1.667 eV.该E0值比以往任何研究都更接近于计算值.     

热处理制度对纳米晶Mn0．6Zn0．4Fe2O4铁氧体纤维结构和磁性能的影响

以柠檬酸及金属盐为原料,采用有机凝胶先驱体转化法制备直径0.5～3.0 μm、平均晶粒尺寸为8.7～31.8 nm的Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4铁氧体纤维.利用XRD、SEM和VSM分别对前驱体凝胶的结构、热处理产物的物相、形貌及磁性能进行表征.结果表明:Mn-Zn铁氧体相的稳定性主要受热处理气氛中氧含量的影响,在空气气氛中将发生部分分解,而在氮气气氛中能获得纯的尖晶石型铁氧体相;在400 ℃时获得的Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4铁氧体纤维因晶粒尺寸小于临界尺寸而表现出超顺磁特性,但随热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4铁氧体纤维的饱和磁化强度、矫顽力和晶粒尺寸均逐渐提高,特别是在500 ℃以后,增长尤为显著.     

合金元素在压铸合金中的作用及研究现状

叙述了合金元素和微量元素在压铸铝合金、镁合金、锌和锌铝合金中的作用及近年来取得的研究进展，分析了压铸合金有待进一步研究开发的问题。     

EXTRACTION OF Zn AND Cd FROM CHLORIDE LIQUORS BY TRI-n-BUTYL PHOSPHATE

Studies have been made on the extraction of Zn and Cd by TBP(tri-n-butyl phosphate)from diluent hydrochloric acid solutions of soldium chloride.The experiments show that thespecies extracted from diluent HCI solutions of NaCl appear to be predominantly ZnCl_2·2TBP and CdCl_2·2TBP.For Cd,at lower acidities,anionic complexes of the typeH_2CdCl_3 are also extracted.As the acidity is increased,H_2CdCl_4 appear to be predominantcomplexes in organic phase.For Zn,the acidocomplexes of the type HZnCl_3 appear in organ-ic phase after the acidity of solutions reaching a certain value([HCl]>0.1 mol/L).Furthermore,the ultraviolet absorption spectra of both aqueous and organic phases have beenstudied,and the infrared spectra of the organic phases have been exomined.The extractionmechanism and temperature effect are also discussed.     

冷喷涂Zn-50Al复合涂层在海水中的耐蚀性能

利用电化学方法和微观测试手段,研究了冷喷涂Zn-50Al涂层在天然海水环境中的耐蚀性能。研究表明,与纯锌、纯铝涂层相比,对于钢基体,锌铝复合涂层具有更加合适的阴极保护电位,可以大大提高防护寿命;海水环境中涂层表面会形成一层致密稳定的腐蚀产物膜,能有效阻止腐蚀介质向涂层内部的渗透,涂层会保持在一个较低的腐蚀速度。     

超声波对α-Ni（OH）2电极结构及电化学性能的影响（英文）

分别采用共沉淀法和超声波共沉淀法制备Al/Co复合掺杂α-Ni(OH)2样品A和B,用XRD和激光粒度仪表征样品的晶相结构和粒度分布。结果表明,样品B比样品A具有较多的晶格缺陷和较小的平均粒径。循环伏安特性及电化学阻抗谱测试显示,样品B比样品A具有更好的电化学性能:较好的反应可逆性、较低的电荷转移电阻和较高的循环寿命等。样品B的质子扩散系数为1.96×10-10cm2/s,约为样品A(9.78×10-11cm2/s)的2倍。充放电测试显示,样品B的放电比容量达到308mA·h/g,比样品A的放电比容量高25mA·h/g。     

亚微米WC添加对超音速火焰喷涂WC–Co涂层磨损性能影响

采用湿法球磨将亚微米WC（~300 nm）和WC–12Co粉末混合均匀并使亚微米WC均匀粘附于WC–12Co粉末的表面,采用超音速火焰喷涂方法（HVOF）在304不锈钢基体表面制备WC和WC–12Co的WC–Co复合涂层,研究亚微米WC的添加对涂层相组成、显微硬度、耐磨性能和表面形貌的影响。利用X射线衍射分析涂层相组成,压痕法测试涂层的显微硬度,通过往复式摩擦磨损实验测试磨损性能,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对涂层磨损表面和断面进行微观形貌观察,并分析涂层的磨损过程和机制。结果表明,添加质量分数5%的亚微米WC颗粒显著提高了涂层的显微硬度（16.3%）;增强了涂层的耐磨性,磨损率从6.09×10-7 mm3/Nm减小到5.15×10-7 mm3/Nm（减小13.8%）;亚微米WC颗粒喷涂后在涂层中保持了WC相,并主要存在于WC–Co扁平粒子界面和孔隙。基于涂层中扁平粒子的结合特性与磨损失效特征,建立强化模型,分析亚微米WC颗粒对涂层扁平粒子界面的强化机制。     

NiO/C的微波-辅助合成及电容性能研究

微波辐射具有简单、快速的优点, 并可提供均匀的热量. 这种方法被用来合成有序介孔碳负载氧化镍(NiO/C). X射线光电子能谱(XPS)证实, 微波加热过程中Ni2+在碱性条件下被乙二醇还原为Ni单质. 与传统的浸渍法相比, 该方法这大大缩短了负载时间并实现了定量负载. X-射线衍射(XRD), 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 电感耦合等离子体(ICP)和循环伏安法(CV)被用来测试样品的物、化性能. 负载了NiO的介孔碳孔径稍有下降, 表明纳米粒子嵌入介孔碳的孔壁. 然而, 负载了适量NiO后的碳仍保留完整的介孔结构及较大的比表面积. ICP数据显示了微波-辅助法负载NiO的高效性. 超过400 F?g-1的高比电容和高电化学稳定性再次证明了该负载方法良好的应用前景.