交叉组合的硫回收及尾气处理新工艺

随含硫天然气及含硫原油加工量增长与环保要求日趋严格,１０年来又有不少克劳斯变体工艺及尾气处理新工艺出现,其中若干种系将克劳斯及尾所处理交叉组合为一体。本文简要评介了此期间问世的亚露点类、还原吸收类、直接氧化类及富氧克劳斯类等约３０种新工艺,在此基础上探讨了此领域技术发展的特点。     

炼厂酸性气脱硫工艺

中国石油兰州石化分公司采用C laus工艺对生产的干气、液态烃中的硫化氢进行回收,以减少对环境的污染。脱除此硫化物的方法有3种:C laus工艺,催化氧化湿式脱硫法,纤维膜接触器技术。比较可知,催化氧化湿式脱硫法可以处理高浓度硫化氢气体,并可代替C laus工艺,尾气排放可达到环保要求;二者硫化氢脱除率分别为97.5%,96.0%;前者比后者具有投资少,工艺流程简单,无污染物排放等优点,且在脱除硫化氢的同时可回收单质硫;纤维膜接触器技术投资居中。     

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通过克劳斯反应的元素平衡，导出了一组主要依靠气体分析数据、以计算体积增长率为中心并从而获得转化率及硫收率的、较为准确而简便的计算方法。本法具有检查数据质量的能力。实例诸结果说明该方法是可行的。     

The fate of methane in a claus plant reaction furnace

Experimental kinetic data are reported for key side reactions occurring in the front end [i. e. the reaction furnace (RF) and the waste heat boiler (WHB)] of modified Claus plants used for sulfur recovery from the sour gases evolved in the treatment of natural gas. An extensive experimental study was conducted in a high temperature tubular reactor system for two important homogenous gas‐phase reactions. Firstly, experiments were carried out to study the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and methane mixtures in the presence of oxygen. Secondly, the reaction between methane and sulfur dioxide was investigated experimentally. These results showed that methane was much less competitive for oxygen than hydrogen sulfide. Hence, in a partially oxidizing environment of a RF, data showed that methane reacted significantly with other major sulfur containing species, as secondary reactions, to form COS and especially CS². This is highly problematic from an environmental point of view.     

克劳斯反应炉的国产化改造

介绍克劳斯反应炉国产化改造的情况,采用的方案,材料和改造效果,推荐了一种新型的韧性耐火材料。     

低温克劳斯硫磺回收装置的节能措施

节能降耗是对天然气处理厂或炼厂各工艺装置的精细化设计和操作衡量的重要指标,现有或新建的天然气处理厂或炼厂硫磺回收装置部分采用改良低温克劳斯工艺。通过对其中主要应用的CBA、CPS等工艺产生的能量和消耗的能量进行逐项分析,提出了硫磺回收装置应选用合适的主风机型号、控制和驱动方式,尽量减少通过装置的阻力,合理地利用余热回收所产生的蒸汽,利用凝结水代替除氧水,减少外供除氧水量,采用合适的焚烧温度,降低燃料气用量等节能措施。     

LS-971脱漏氧保护型硫磺回收催化剂的工业应用

介绍了LS - 971脱漏氧保护型硫磺回收催化剂在中国石化济南分公司 5kt/a硫磺回收装置上工业应用的试验情况。结果表明 :该催化剂具有较好的活性和稳定性 ,置于第二级转化器上部使用后 ,可使装置尾气中的总硫含量小于 1% ,总硫转化率则稳定地保持在 96 %以上 ,完全可以满足克劳斯硫磺回收———SSR还原吸收法尾气处理装置的使用要求     

SIMULATING VARIOUS SCHEMES OF THE CLAUS PROCESS

An interactive program based on the Gibbs free energy minimization and the FLOWTRAN system analysis was written to simulate various schemes of the Claus process. Dew point calculation and feedback control loops were provided. Certain species are treated as inerts in units like condensers, reheaters, and the waste heat boiler, Simulation of the Claus process air demand and simulation of two Claus plants (including a commercial one) were presented and the results analyzed.     

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??This paper researches Claus sulfur-made process by use of the minimum free energy method.The comparison of the calculated results with the practical data from the equipment shows that the minimum free energy method can be used to calculate the more accurate equilibrium composition of combustion reaction products of acidic gas.The calculated values of COS and CS₂ are a bit lower and that of H₂ and CO may be a bit higher, but the difference is limited, and then at the <700K low temperature section, the H₂S/SO₂ in tail gas calculated by the minimum free energy method is greatly deviated 2/1, which indicates that the Claus sulfur-made process in this section is controlled by dynamics to a large extent.     

试论H_2S浓度为15％～5O％的酸气制硫方法

通过适当简化的计算模型,研究了H_2S浓度为15％～50％的酸气制硫方法,获得如下主要认识:(1)15％～25％用常规分流克劳斯法,直流克劳斯法一般可以45％作为H_2S浓度的下限,根据常用炉壁材料的耐温性能,25％～45％宜使用非常规分流克劳斯法;(2)非常规分流克劳斯法的H_2S总转化率低于直流法而高于常规分流法。