准南煤田大泉湖火区地表温度反演及时空变化特征

本文采用2013~2016年每年11月份Landsat8影像数据,运用辐射传输方程(大气校正法)反演准南煤田大泉湖火区地表温度,分析该火区温度场时空变化特征。通过研究得到以下结论:在时间尺度上,研究区最高温度、平均温度和温度阈值变化趋势基本一致,最高值都出现在2016年;研究区温度异常区面积则大体上呈U型变化,2013年、2015年温度异常区面积较大;在空间尺度上,温度异常区呈东西走向不连续分布,研究期间温度异常区位置基本不变,温度异常区面积有所变化。     

A molecular dynamics simulation study of PVT properties for H2O/H2/CO2 mixtures in near-critical and supercritical regions of water

Supercritical water gasification technology is an efficient and clean way to use the coal. This technology can convert carbon and hydrogen elements of coal into the mixtures of H₂O/H₂/CO₂ that can be used for electricity generation. The acquisition of PVT properties of H₂O/H₂/CO₂ mixtures is one of the most critical issues in realizing the design and operation of thermal power generation system using this technology. However, no experimental, theoretical and simulation studies exist regarding the PVT properties of H₂O/H₂/CO₂ in the near-critical and supercritical regions of water. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulations of the PVT properties of H₂O/CO₂ mixtures are carried out and the theoretical calculations are conducted based on the equation of state, and the results are compared with the experimental values. Moreover, the PVT properties for H₂O/H₂ mixtures and H₂O/H₂/CO₂ mixtures in the near-critical and supercritical regions of water are predicted using molecular dynamics simulation and compared with the calculation results of the equation of state. The results of this paper are of great significance to the development of supercritical water gasification of coal, and could offer the reference for the application of H₂O/H₂/CO₂ mixtures in practical production.     

Experimental investigation on the influence of the pyrolysis operating parameters upon the char reaction activity in supercritical water gasification

Supercritical water gasification of coal is a clean and efficient method for coal utilization which can convert coal into H₂ and CO₂. In order to further reduce costs, a novel two-step cascade utilization method was proposed in this study: conducting traditional pyrolysis first and then gasifying the pyrolysis char in supercritical water. The influences of different pyrolysis operating parameters on gaseous products and char gasification in supercritical water were investigated. Quartz tube reactors were used to ensure the complete collection of gaseous products in pyrolysis process. The experimental results showed that both carbon and hydrogen conversion efficiency increased with temperature, and the increasing trend became not obvious after reaction for 5 min. The thermo-gravimetric curves showed that volatilization removal process was completed at the pyrolysis time of 5 min and higher pyrolysis temperatures were beneficial to the subsequent gasification process. The result also showed that residual weight was 15%–20% of the initial weight. Hydroxyl radicals kept stable during pyrolysis process with the absorption peak intensity increasing first and then decreasing, and mineral substance disintegrated gradually as time increased. As pyrolysis temperature increased, the peak of CC double bonds decreased, turning into stable functional groups and carbonyl group increased. Dispersive pores occurred at the surface of coal as residence time increased with particle size decreasing, specific surface area and reactivity increasing. The results might be used for the design of a cascade utilization system based on coal gasification in supercritical water.     

不同照度下煤矸图像灰度及纹理特征提取的实验研究

研究煤和矸石在不同照度下的响应特性,设计了差异照度煤矸图像采集系统,进行了煤矸图像采集实验,建立了煤矸灰度子图像数据库,对数据库中的子图像的灰度、纹理特征进行了提取,通过定义归一化特征差异指数以及基于支持向量机(SVM)对实验数据进行了分析与讨论。结果表明:在同一照度下,煤和矸石在灰度及纹理特征上存在差异,且随着照度的改变,煤和矸石的特征也发生变化,同时两者的变化规律存在显著差异。基于不同特征的SVM分类器的识别正确率不同,照度的变化也会对分类器的识别正确率产生影响;当考虑照度因素后,分类器的识别正确率最大增加了13.31%,此外基于多特征多照度融合的SVM分类器性能较好,识别正确率为98-39%。     

运动学参数对滚筒截割夹矸煤岩应力影响规律

由于夹矸煤岩赋存条件的复杂性及滚筒截割煤岩过程载荷的非线性,得到滚筒截割煤岩的应力信息非常困难,因此很难从可靠性方面对运动学参数进行匹配。以煤岩截割机理和有限元理论为基础,利用LS-DYNA建立螺旋滚筒截割夹矸煤岩的耦合模型,分别对不同工况进行截割过程的动态模拟,以获取煤岩体、滚筒截齿相关组件的最大应力信息。采用曲面拟合技术分析滚筒转速及牵引速度对煤岩体、滚筒截齿相关组件最大应力的影响规律,建立了相关零件应力关于滚筒转速及牵引速度的规律方程。以采煤机生产率、截割比能耗为目标建立了采煤机滚筒运动学参数的优化方程,并得到了滚筒转速与牵引速度的最佳匹配值,研究表明:当滚筒转速为61. 63 r/min,牵引速度为4. 776 m/min时,采煤机生产率可达190. 64 t/h,截割比能耗仅为0. 868 9 kW·h/m3。截齿合金头、齿体、齿座、叶片的应力分别为:1 339. 4,887. 5,454. 7,105. 2 MPa,岩石和煤体最大应力分别为:59. 15,8. 799 MPa。     

Application of general regression neural network to model a novel integrated fluidized bed gasifier

In order to better understand gasification performance, a general regression neural network (GRNN) was developed to model a novel integrated fluidized bed (IFB) gasifier to research the correlative relationship between the input and output parameters of the IFB gasifier. Additionally, the prediction accuracy of the GRNN model was compared with the multivariate nonlinear regression (MNR) method. The performances of the two methods were evaluated using the mean relative error (MRE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²). The GRNN model simulated the IFB gasifier with a higher R², a lower RMSE and a lower MRE demonstrating the prediction accuracy of the GRNN model over the MNR method. Furthermore, the effects of the oxygen to coal ratio, the steam to coal ratio, the oxygen to fly ash ratio and the steam to fly ash ratio on gasification performance were analyzed using the proposed GRNN model.     

Lignite upgrading using a pulsing air classifier

Lignite is difficult to be effectively separated by traditional preparation techniques because of its sliming property and difficulty of subsequent dewatering. A dry separation method of using a pulsing air classifier is applied to decrease the ash content of lignite for improving its effective utilization. The lignite sample used in this study was collected from Inner Mongolia, China. Mineralogical characteristics of the lignite sample were analyzed, and the effects of airflow rate, pulse frequency, and feed rate on the separation efficiency of ?6 + 3 and ?3 + 1 mm size fractions were determined using the lab pulsing air classifier system. The results demonstrated that the ash content of the product was reduced by 10.18% and 30.98% for the ?3 + 1 mm and ?6 + 3 mm size fractions, respectively, and the pulsing air classifier has a better separation efficiency for a larger size fraction.     

Experimental study on pyrolysis characteristic of coking coal from Ningdong coalfield

The thermal decomposition of coal was the essential step of many reactions, thus it was widespread concerned. In order to investigate the behaviors and kinetics of coal pyrolysis, coal samples which obtained from Ningdong coalfield of China were pyrolyzed with a tubular furnace in argon atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 K min^?1. The primary gaseous products including CH₄, H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, C₂H₄ and C₂H₆ were quantified using a gas chromatogram. It can be seen that with the temperature increasing, the yields of H₂ and CO increased, while the others decreased. In order to produce possibly much tar, the optimal temperature was 923 K. The characteristic of pyrolysis kinetics was determined by thermo gravimetric analysis measurement. The Coats–Redfern and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods was used to obtain kinetic parameters. The activation energy range of 50–200 kJ mol^?1 was determined.     

Effects of tertiary air damper opening on flow,combustion and hopper near-wall temperature of a 600 MWe down-fired boiler with improved multiple-injection multiple-staging technology

In consideration of increasing the tertiary air damper opening of a 600 MWe down-fired boiler with prior multiple-injection multiple-staging technology facilitated the coal burnout, while largely increasing the NO_x emissions. Additionally, the flame kernel was greatly moved downwards, thus causing significant temperature variations in the hopper near-wall region and the water wall in the lower furnace was vulnerable to overheating. This work concentrated on the comprehensively improved multiple-injection multiple-staging technology, both 1:20 scale cold aerodynamic tests and industrial experiments were conducted to examine the effects of tertiary air damper opening on flow, combustion, NO_x emissions and especially the hopper near-wall temperatures. The aerodynamic tests indicated that, on increasing the tertiary air damper opening from 40 to 70%, all the flow fields exhibit good symmetry. The tertiary air flows downwards along the hopper near-wall region, with a maximum near-wall dimensionless vertical velocity significantly increasing from 0.48 to 0.66, and accordingly, the dimensionless depth of downward airflow increases from 0.744 to 0.846. The industrial experimental results showed that, upon introducing more tertiary air, the ignition distance of fuel-rich coal/air flow shortens from 1.25 to 0.87 m. The coal burnout is enhanced, carbon in fly ash drops from 6.90 to 6.15%, while the NO_x emissions slightly increase from 593 to 641 mg/m³ at 6% O₂. On reducing the measuring height of hopper near-wall temperature from 9.1 to 3.3 m, the average heating rate increases from 0.44 to 0.63 °C/mm. The increased tertiary air damper opening presents an increasingly obvious cooling effect on the hopper near-wall region, with the temperature reductions around 50 °C, which is conductive to protect the water wall in the lower furnace from overheating.     

Dispersion and flow properties of charcoal oil slurries (ChOS) as potential renewable industrial liquid fuels

This work reports on a preliminary study aimed at developing an industrial liquid fuel derived from charcoal and vegetable oil. Its relevance relies on the high energy potential of charcoal, its renewable nature, storage and transportation capacity in liquid form, as well as on the economic and environmental advantages derived thereof. The ability of a commercially available charcoal to be dispersed in three different organic solvents was assessed through the rheological characterisation of the resulting charcoal oil slurries (ChOS). The charcoal was ground in a conventional ball mill and dispersed with the aid of three different surfactants. The effects of the most relevant factors influencing the rheological properties of the suspensions were evaluated, including: (i) the solvent producing the lowest fuel viscosity (η) at a given charcoal content; (ii) the most efficient surfactant (and its amount) minimising the fuel viscosity (η) at a given solids fraction; and (iii) the charcoal content, which should be as high as possible. High-stability ChOS containing 62 wt% solids and 0.4 wt% surfactant, and exhibiting adequate flow properties and high calorific values, were successfully obtained.