生物质酚醛泡沫塑料的研究进展

生物质酚醛泡沫塑料发展迅速,正受到国内外的广泛关注.综述了生物质在酚醛泡沫中的最新研究进展,重点介绍了腰果壳油、单宁和木质素在酚醛泡沫中的应用及其泡沫的性能.指出生物质的引入引起树脂黏度增加,并对生物质酚醛泡沫塑料的应用前景做了展望.     

工作压强对SiC空心微球结构及性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）-高温热解法,在不同工作压强条件下,制备了惯性约束聚变靶用SiC空心微球。利用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、白光干涉仪、X射线照相机对SiC空心微球的成分、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、球形度以及壁厚均匀性进行了测试与分析。研究结果表明：随工作压强的增加,SiC空心微球的表面均方根粗糙度先减小后增加,当工作压强为15 Pa时,表面均方根粗糙度达到最小值98 nm;随工作压强的增加,SiC空心微球的球形度未发生明显变化,且均优于97%;而壁厚均匀性则随工作压强的增加先增加后减小,当压强为15 Pa时,壁厚均匀性可达95%。     

介孔氧化硅/氧化铈核壳双相复合颗粒的制备及其光催化降解活性

将CeO2纳米粒子负载在介孔氧化硅(W-mSiO2)支撑体上,制备了核壳结构的W-mSiO2/CeO2双相光催化复合颗粒.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、氮气吸脱附、STEM-EDX mapping、Raman光谱、荧光光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段分析样品的结构和性质,考察了复合光催化材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催...     

变断面U形壳槽设计速算法

在保证精度，满足规范规定的前提下，根据文内提供的在一定变化范围内的各种表格，如水力计算表，壳槽特性表，纵向应力系数表，纵向配筋系数表，利用这些表格进行设计工作，就是壳槽设计速算法。对已具备基本资料（如设计流量，每节壳槽长度等资料）的变断面Ｕ形壳槽，用本文提供的速算法进行设计，可使繁杂的计算得到很大的简化，使设计者能迅速完成设计工作。     

亚微米核壳橡胶粒子改性聚苯乙烯——接枝度对形态结构及力学性能的影响

通过乳液接枝聚合技术合成不同聚丁二烯(PB)含量的聚丁二烯接枝聚苯乙烯(PB-g-PS)共聚物, 共混改性聚苯乙烯(PS), 使PB含量控制在20wt％。通过对接枝共聚物PB-g-PS接枝度的测定, 分析了不同接枝度对橡胶粒子分散状态以及橡胶粒子内部结构的影响, 考察了不同接枝度对改性聚苯乙烯力学性能的影响。通常认为橡胶粒子只有在1~3μm时才能对聚苯乙烯进行有效增韧, 然而实验结果表明, 使用粒径约为300nm的核壳橡胶粒子改性聚苯乙烯冲击韧性提高很大。此时, 接枝共聚物具有最佳核壳比PB/PS为70/30, 橡胶粒子呈均匀分散状态, 且最大冲击强度为124.9J/m, 相当于纯聚苯乙烯冲击强度的10倍。      

Hybrid Nanoparticles and Composite Hydrogel Systems for Delivery of Peptide Antibiotics

The growing number of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a global threat to human health. For this reason, the search for ways to enhance the antibacterial activity of existing antibiotics is now an urgent medical task. The aim of this study was to develop novel delivery systems for polymyxins to improve their antimicrobial properties against various infections. For this, hybrid core–shell nanoparticles, consisting of silver core and a poly(glutamic acid) shell capable of polymyxin binding, were developed and carefully investigated. Characterization of the hybrid nanoparticles revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 100 nm and a negative electrokinetic potential. The nanoparticles demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity, a low uptake by macrophages, and their own antimicrobial activity. Drug loading and loading efficacy were determined for both polymyxin B and E, and the maximal loaded value with an appropriate size of the delivery systems was 450 µg/mg of nanoparticles. Composite materials based on agarose hydrogel were prepared, containing both the loaded hybrid systems and free antibiotics. The features of polymyxin release from the hybrid nanoparticles and the composite materials were studied, and the mechanisms of release were analyzed using different theoretical models. The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for both the polymyxin hybrid and the composite delivery systems. All tested samples inhibited bacterial growth. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the polymyxin B hybrid delivery system demonstrated a synergistic effect when compared with either the antibiotic or the silver nanoparticles alone.     

A method for solving the buckling problem of a thin-walled shell

A weighted solution for the critical load of a cylindrical shell is presented. To determine the weights, some special known results are applied. The method can be used to solve generally complicated buckling problems by making use of the solutions of special simple problems. Lastly, some numerical solutions for the same problem are obtained by finite elements. Comparison between the solution method in this paper, the finite element solution and cited results in the literature, shows that the weighted solution has good precision.     

Electro-magneto temperature-dependent vibration analysis of functionally graded-carbon nanotube-reinforced piezoelectric Mindlin cylindrical shells resting on a temperature-dependent,orthotropic elastic medium

Vibration smart control analysis of a temperature-dependent functionally graded-carbon nanotube-reinforced piezoelectric cylindrical shell embedded in an orthotropic elastic medium is investigated. The mixture law is used for obtaining the material properties of the structure. The structure is subjected to a 2D magnetic field. Considering the first-order shear deformation theory, the motion equations are obtained. Based on an analytical method and differential quadrature method, the frequency is calculated. The effects of applied voltage, magnetic field, volume percent, and distribution type of carbon nanotubes, temperature, orthotropic elastic medium, and length to radius ratio of the shell are shown on system frequency.     

磁控溅射制备成分渐变Au/Cu复合涂层的研究

在JGP560型高真空多功能磁控溅射设备上,利用直流磁控溅射法,通过控制共溅射时Au靶和Cu靶的功率变化,在平面基片和微球表面制备了一系列成分渐变的Au/Cu涂层,并用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪对涂层的微观结构和成分进行了测试分析。分析结果表明：涂层内部的晶粒生长随Au和Cu含量的变化呈现出3个不同的区域;涂层中Au和Cu含量随涂层厚度的增加呈近线性变化的趋势;涂层内部晶粒之间结合紧密;涂层厚度均匀性良好,表面光洁。     

Core/Shell ZnO/ZnS Nanoparticle Electron Transport Layers Enable Efficient All-Solution-Processed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Solution-processed perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for low-cost, large-area displays, while severe deterioration of the perovskite light-emitting layer occurs during deposition of electron transport layers from solution in an issue. Herein, core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles as a solution-processed electron transport layer in PeLED based on quasi-2D PEA₂Cs_n−1Pb_nBr_3n+1 (PEA = phenylethylammonium) perovskite are employed. The deposition of ZnS shell mitigates trap states on ZnO core by anchoring sulfur to oxygen vacancies, and at the same time removes residual hydroxyl groups, which helps to suppress the interfacial trap-assisted non-radiative recombination and the deprotonation reaction between the perovskite layer and ZnO. The core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles show comparably high electron mobility to pristine ZnO nanoparticles, combined with the reduced energy barrier between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer, improving the charge injection balance in PeLEDs. As a result, the optimized PeLEDs employing core/shell ZnO/ZnS nanoparticles as a solution-processed electron transport layer exhibit high peak luminance reaching 32 400 cd m⁻², external quantum efficiency of 10.3%, and 20-fold extended longevity as compared to the devices utilizing ZnO nanoparticles, which represents one of the highest overall performances for solution-processed PeLEDs.