Transcriptional and functional responses of Escherichia coli O157:H7 growing in the lettuce rhizoplane

Lettuce and spinach are increasingly implicated in foodborne illness outbreaks due to contamination by Escherichia coli O157:H7. While this bacterium has been shown to colonize and survive on lettuce leaf surfaces, little is known about its interaction with the roots of growing lettuce plants. In these studies, a microarray analyses, mutant construction and confocal microscopy were used to gain an understanding of structure and function of bacterial genes involved in the colonization and growth of E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce roots. After three days of interaction with lettuce roots, 94 and 109 E. coli O157:H7 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated at least 1.5 fold, respectively. While genes involved in biofilm modulation (ycfR and ybiM) were significantly up-regulated, 40 of 109 (37%) of genes involved in protein synthesis were significantly repressed. E. coli O157:H7 was 2 logs less efficient in lettuce root colonization than was E. coli K12. We also unambiguously showed that a ΔycfR mutant of E. coli O157:H7 was unable to attach to or colonize lettuce roots. Taken together these results indicate that bacterial genes involved in attachment and biofilm formation are likely important for contamination of lettuce plants with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains.     

Enhanced lithium-ion intercalation properties of coherent hydrous vanadium pentoxide-carbon cryogel nanocomposites

Coherent hydrous vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅·nH₂O)-carbon cryogel (CC) nanocomposites were synthesized by electrodeposition of vanadium pentoxide onto the porous carbon scaffold which was derived from resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) organic hydrogels. As-fabricated nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with EDAX and nitrogen sorption isotherms which suggested vanadium pentoxide incorporated in the pores of carbon cryogels. The nanocomposites showed much improved discharge capacity and better cyclic stability as compared to hydrous vanadium pentoxide films deposited on platinum foil. The discharge capacity of the nanocomposites reached 280 mAh g⁻¹ based on the mass of the vandium pentoxide at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹ and it possessed good cycle stability at different discharge rates. The results demonstrated that electrochemical performances, such as specific discharge capacitance and reversibility of the composite electrode, could be greatly enhanced by the introduction of carbon cryogels (CCs) scaffold with three-dimensionally interconnected porous structure in which V₂O₅·nH₂O homogeneously dispersed.     

Microbial partitioning to settleable particles in stormwater

The degree to which microbes in the water column associate with settleable particles has important implications for microbial transport in receiving waters, as well as for microbial removal via sedimentation (i.e. detention basins). The partitioning behavior of several bacterial, protozoan and viral indicator organisms is explored in three urban streams under both storm and dry weather conditions. The fraction of organisms associated with settleable particles in stormwater is estimated through use of a centrifugation technique which is calibrated using suspensions of standard particles (e.g., glass, latex). The fraction of organisms associated with settleable particles varies by type of microbe, and the partitioning behavior of each organism generally changes between dry weather and storm conditions. Bacterial indicator organisms (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci) exhibited relatively consistent behavior, with an average of 20-35% of organisms associated with these particles in background samples and 30-55% in storm samples. Clostridium perfringens spores exhibited the highest average level of particle association, with storm values varying from 50% to 70%. Results related to total coliphage partitioning were more variable, with 20-60% associated with particles during storms. These estimates should be valuable in surface water quality modeling efforts, many of which currently assume that all microbes exist as free (unattached) organisms.     

HDPE自粘胶膜防水卷材在北京地铁6号线某区间隧道中的应用

介绍了HDPE自粘胶膜防水卷材在北京地铁6号线某区间隧道中的施工与应用技术,重点介绍了高分子自粘胶膜防水卷材的构造、性能、防水机理,以及防水工程的施工工艺、质量及验收要点。     

蒙皮板整体剪切屈曲性能试验及有限元分析

在蒙皮体的各种破坏形式中,整体剪切屈曲破坏是具有控制作用的破坏形式之一。对目前国内常用的YX20-166-830型压型钢板组成的6个不同边界连接的蒙皮板进行了抗剪试验研究,探讨边界连接形式对整体屈曲荷载的影响。在试验的基础上进行了有限元分析,将试验结果、有限元计算结果和理论结果进行了比较。屈曲荷载的试验值与有限元计算值相差较小,可见有限元计算模型可以作为进行蒙皮体抗剪性能分析的辅助手段。另外,通过屈曲荷载的试验值和简化公式值比较,得到了边界连接形式对整体屈曲荷载的影响,进一步完善了蒙皮板整体剪切屈曲的计算公式。     

Dynamics of nuclear spin-1/2 system in a strong bichromatic RF-field

Based on calculating the influence of RF-field with various physical parameters on the dynamics of the spin 1/2 system,it was found that the spin state could be changed up and down by choosing appropriate RF pulses,and the coherent control of the RF pulses could substantially modify the behavior of spin dynamics:quicker change of two states could be produced even for small pulse duration.In addition,the oscillatory structures around the resonant frequency and the propagation features of the pulses depend on the relative phase of the biehromatie RF pulses.     

HF Formation through Dissociative Electron Attachment—A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Pentafluorothiophenol and 2-Fluorothiophenol

In chemoradiation therapy, dissociative electron attachment (DEA) may play an important role with respect to the efficiency of the radiosensitizers used. The rational tailoring of such radiosensitizers to be more susceptive to DEA may thus offer a path to increase their efficiency. Potentially, this may be achieved by tailoring rearrangement reactions into the DEA process such that these may proceed at low incident electron energies, where DEA is most effective. Favorably altering the orbital structure of the respective molecules through substitution is another path that may be taken to promote dissociation up on electron capture. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study on DEA in relation to pentafluorothiophenol (PFTP) and 2-fluorothiophenol (2-FTP). We investigate the thermochemistry and dynamics of neutral HF formation through DEA as means to lower the threshold for dissociation up on electron capture to these compounds, and we explore the influence of perfluorination on their orbital structure. Fragment ion yield curves are presented, and the thermochemical thresholds for the respective DEA processes are computed as well as the minimum energy paths for HF formation up on electron capture and the underlying orbital structure of the respective molecular anions. We show that perfluorination of the aromatic ring in these compounds plays an important role in enabling HF formation by further lowering the threshold for this process and through favorable influence on the orbital structure, such that DEA is promoted. We argue that this approach may offer a path for tailoring new and efficient radiosensitizers.     

一种基于修正数据矩阵的广义波达方向矩阵方法

该文提出了一种基于平面阵的相干信号二维DOA估计算法,文中先将平面阵分为3个具有旋转不变性的子阵列,并分别构造了3个子阵列的数据矩阵,结合这3个数据矩阵,构造了两种修正数据矩阵,提高了阵元利用率。然后仿照波达方向矩阵的构造方法,得到了一种广义波达方向矩阵。通过理论分析证明了对该矩阵进行特征分解,就可以获得信号的方向矢量和信号方向元素,从而能够进行相干信号的二维DOA估计,并且避免了谱峰搜索,减少了运算量,仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性和精确性。     

Application of adult attachment theory to group member transference and the group therapy process.

Although clinical researchers have applied attachment theory to client conceptualization and treatment in individual therapy, few researchers have applied this theory to group therapy. The purpose of this article is to begin to apply theory and research on adult dyadic and group attachment styles to our understanding of group dynamics and processes in adult therapy groups. In particular, we set forth theoretical propositions on how group members’ attachment styles affect relationships within the group. Specifically, this article offers some predictions on how identifying group member dyadic and group attachment styles could help leaders predict member transference within the therapy group. Implications of group member attachment for the selection and composition of a group and the different group stages are discussed. Recommendations for group clinicians and researchers are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recent advances in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy: Fundamental developments and applications in reacting flows

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy is widely used for measuring temperature and species concentration in reacting flows. This paper reviews the advances made over the last twelve years in the development and application of CARS spectroscopy in gas-phase reacting flows. The advent of high-power nanosecond (ns) lasers and off-the-shelf compact picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs) lasers is enabling the rapid expansion of the application of single-shot or high-bandwidth CARS spectroscopy in a way that would have been quite unimaginable two decades ago. Furthermore, compact ps lasers are paving the way for the development of a fiber-based CARS system for use in harsh environments. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of recent progresses in ns-, ps-, and fs-CARS spectroscopy for gas-phase thermometry and species-concentration measurements since the second edition of A.C. Eckbreth's book entitled Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species, which was published in 1996. During the last two decades, four encompassing issues have driven the fundamental development and application of CARS spectroscopy in reacting flows: 1) measurement of temperature and concentration of multiple species with one CARS system, 2) extension of the application of traditional ns-CARS to challenging reacting flow environments, 3) performance of nonresonant background-free and collision-free measurements in high-pressure reacting flows, and 4) measurement of temperature and species concentration at high bandwidth, typically 1 kHz or greater, to address the instability and transient phenomena associated with turbulent reacting flows in the combustors and augmentors of modern propulsion systems. This review is focused on identifying and discussing the recent results of gas-phase CARS spectroscopy related to the four issues mentioned above. The feasibility of performing high-bandwidth CARS spectroscopy with one laser beam as well as the potential of tailored fs lasers for thermometry and species-concentration measurements in gas-phase reacting flows are also discussed.