Nonlinear Thermal Analysis for Qing-Tibet Railway Embankments in Cold Regions

Heat convection in ballast mass in railway embankments is a problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the Qing-Tibet railway embankment from the governing equations used to study forced convection for incompressible fluids porous media, detailed finite-element formulas for heat convection in porous media are derived using Galerkin’s method. The temperature distributions on central lines of the traditional railway embankment, the ripped-rock embankment, and the ripped-rock revetment embankment that were constructed on July 15, 2002 have been analyzed and compared on July 15, October 15 in the 24th year after construction, and January 15 in the 25th year after construction under the climatic and geological conditions on the Qing-Tibet Railway. The calculated results indicate that the traditional railway embankment will raise the permafrost temperature under the embankment base and make the permafrost embankment thermally unstable. The ripped-rock embankment and the ripped-rock revetment embankment will reduce the permafrost temperature under the embankment base in cold regions, therefore maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost. However, the ripped-rock embankment needs more rock mass while the ripped-rock revetment embankment need less rock mass, and its construction cost is lower than that of the former. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-rock revetment embankment be used for the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high temperature permafrost regions so that the permafrost embankment can be protected as much as possible.     

3t电渣钢9Cr2Mo工艺实践

为进一步提高冷轧辊电渣锭的内(外)质量、降低生产成本的要求,贵阳特钢采用400mm×300mm矩形连铸坯取代(φ)330mm铸锭做为电渣母材,在计算机全过程自动控制下,实现1支自耗电极重熔1支3吨电渣锭9Cr2Mo.电渣冶炼的填充比由初期的0.347提高到0.487,电渣锭成锭率由91.17%提高到96.87%,电渣重熔电耗由1762kWh/t下将到1477 kWh/t.     

冷轧带肋钢筋现浇混凝土板开裂现象研究及探讨

本文总结了冷轧带肋钢筋在福州地区的应用情况,对现浇砼板裂缝现象进行现场调查,并探究其裂缝发生的机理,最后对高强带肋钢筋在砼楼板中的应用前景提出有益的建议和展望     

Wax Diffusivity: Is It a Physical Property or a Pivotable Parameter?

In order to predict wax deposition problems the key parameter is the wax diffusion coefficient. While it is quite easy to find measured diffusivity values for well-defined compounds at quite low concentrations, very few experimental data are available for wax diffusivity in oil. Most of the literature data are estimated by interpolating experimental data obtained by loop tests and then they are affected by a noticeable uncertainty. In fact this parameter collects the whole uncertainty of the test and the paradoxical situation is that the key parameter ends to be the most error-affected or to be used as a pivotable parameter in “predictive” models. This article describes an experimental procedure to determine the overall diffusivity coefficient of waxes into the oil; the main advantage of this technique is that it allows the direct measure of diffusivity on the oil. Besides it is a very simple and straightforward technique. Results obtained were used to gain insight into the deposition process; the conclusion was that, due to the counter-intuitive diffusivity dependence on temperature, it is likely that noncompositional models available at present are structurally incorrect.     

防止大型筒类薄壁件冷裂的工艺措施

采取了加强铸件薄弱断面处强度和提高砂芯整体“宏观”退让性八项工艺措施，有效地防止大型筒类薄壁件冷裂纹缺陷     

圆盘式高速金属冷锯机锯切功率的实验研究

对１６００圆盘式高速金属冷锯机进行了锯切功率的实验研究。对某厂四种有代表性的产品，用不同的进锯速度，实测每种条件下的锯切功率变化，和最大瞬时锯切功率与平均锯切功率之比。并以实测数据为基础，得出每种产品以进锯速度为自变量的平均锯切功率回归公式。这些工作，不仅可以为这种冷锯机锯切功率的理论研究提供依据，还可直接为使用和设计这种冷锯机给出具体参考数据。     

Molybdate and tungstate as corrosion inhibitors for cold rolling steel in hydrochloric acid solution

The inhibition effects of molybdate and tungstate on the corrosion of cold rolling steel (CRS) in hydrochloric acid solution (0.1-0.5 M) were investigated by weight loss and electrochemistry methods. The results reveal that both molybdate and tungstate are very good inhibitors with little concentration. The adsorption of inhibitors on the CRS surface basically obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of CRS was also studied at 25 °C and 35 °C, the thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat (ΔH⁰) and adsorption free energy (ΔG⁰) were calculated. In the same conditions, a comparative study of corrosion inhibition of molybdate and tungstate indicated that molybdate was the better inhibitor in 0.1 M HCl. However, the value of percentage inhibition efficiency (IE) was dependent on the concentration of inhibitors in 0.2-0.5 M HCl. It seemed that molybdate did not have the strong inhibitive effect compared to tungstate with relatively small concentration of inhibitors, but molybdate was a better inhibitor over a wide concentration range of inhibitors. A kinetic study of cold rolling steel in uninhibited and inhibited acid was also discussed. Various parameters such as rate constant k and the kinetic parameter B were calculated for the reactions of corrosion. Polarization curves showed that both molybdate and tungstate are mixed-type inhibitors in acidic media.     

轴对称与非轴对称截面冷拔棒材表面残余应力的比较

用物理测定法测定了矩形截面冷技型钢表面的残余应力，并与圆形截面冷拔型钢表面残余应力进行比较。提出用高温近火方法来改善矩形截面冷拔型钢表面残余应力的工艺探索。     

硬质合金冷挤压凹模的热处理强化

本文叙述了ＷＣ－Ｃｏ硬质合金特别是ＹＧ２５牌号硬质合金的渗硼淬火热处理强化工艺和不同钴含量的合金的强化处理效果以及强化处理的合金应用效果，并对其强化机理进行了讨论。