低温等离子体处理模式对冷藏南美白对虾中假单胞菌的抑菌效果及机理研究

摘 要：目的 探究低温等离子体(cold plasma, CP)处理模式对冷藏南美白对虾中常见荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)的抑菌效果及其作用机制。方法 通过CP直接处理和循环处理P. fluorescens,研究了两种处理模式下臭氧含量动态变化对P. fluorescens的生长曲线、细胞活力,生物膜形成、细胞壁、细胞膜完整性和南美白对虾菌落总数及假单胞菌数等指标的影响。结果 两种处理模式在CP处理3 min或3 cycles后,包装内臭氧含量达到最高值,分别为(850±10) mg/m3和(874±20) mg/m3。CP循环处理模式使得臭氧含量随处理循环数递增,因此获得更长的臭氧存在时间从而具有更大的抑菌能力。P. fluorescens生长曲线表明CP处理使得菌体延迟期变长且对数生长期推迟。此外,CP处理后的P. fluorescens细胞活力显著下降(P<0.05),CP-1 min,CP-3 min和CP-3 cycles组的细胞活力分别为33.03%、5.90%和4.82%。同时相比CP-3 min组,CP-3 cycles组的P. fluorescens生物膜OD值下降27.61%。碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)活性和核酸蛋白泄漏量结果表明,细胞壁和细胞膜完整性受损可能是P. fluorescens失活的直接原因。对虾保鲜测试结果证实,贮藏第6 d,CP-3 cycles组虾体中的菌落总数和假单胞菌数相比CP-3 min组分别降低了58.02%和79.54%。结论 CP循环处理模式通过延长对臭氧与对虾的暴露时间,提高了对P. fluorescens的灭活效果,同时还具有更优越的保鲜能力。本研究为开发基于CP技术的新型保鲜技术应用提供了理论参考。 关键词：低温等离子体;荧光假单胞菌;抑菌机制;保鲜     

800kV对接式直流穿墙套管缺陷分析及应对策略研究

本文针对对接式结构高压直流穿墙套管回路电阻异常的缺陷事件,根据力矩平衡原则,对套管关键部位受力情况进行了分析,并通过有限元仿真进行了验证。在此基础上,提出了一种端部新增接线端子的结构优化整改方案,通过仿真验证了方案的有效性。     

Experimental study of the influence of cold heat exchanger geometry on the performance of a co-axial pulse tube cooler

Improving the performance of the pulse tube cooler is one of the important objectives of the current studies. Besides the phase shifters and regenerators, heat exchangers also play an important role in determining the system efficiency and cooling capacity. A series of experiments on a 10 W @ 77 K class co-axial type pulse tube cooler with different cold heat exchanger geometries are presented in this paper. The cold heat exchangers are made from a copper block with radial slots, cut through using electrical discharge machining. Different slot widths varying from 0.12 mm to 0.4 mm and different slot numbers varying from around 20–60 are investigated, while the length of cold heat exchangers are kept the same. The cold heat exchanger geometry is classified into three groups, namely, constant heat transfer area, constant porosity and constant slot width. The study reveals that a large channel width of 0.4 mm (about ten times the thermal penetration depth of helium gas at 77 K, 100 Hz and 3.5 MPa) shows poor performance, the other results show complicated interaction effects between slot width and slot number. These systematic comparison experiments provide a useful reference for selecting a cold heat exchanger geometry in a practical cooler.     

Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) with cold compression: Cold compressor,colder expander

This research paper focuses on the performance prediction and its validation via experimental investigation of a Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) equipped with a cold linear compressor. When the working gas is compressed at cryogenic temperature, the acoustic power (PV power) can be directly transmitted through the regenerator to the pulsating tube without experiencing unnecessary precooling process. The required PV power generated by the linear compressor, furthermore, can be significantly diminished due to the relatively small specific volume of the working gas at low temperature. The PTR can reach lower temperature efficiently with higher heat lift at the corresponding temperature than other typical single-stage Stirling-type PTRs. Utilizing a cryogenic reservoir as a warm end and regulating the entire operating temperature range of the PTR will enable a PTR to operate efficiently under space environment.In this research, the experimental validation as a proof of concept was carried out to demonstrate the capability of PTR operating between 80 K and 40 K. The linear compressor was submerged in a liquid nitrogen bath and the lowest temperature was measured as 38.5 K. The test results were analyzed to identify loss mechanisms with the simple numerical computation (linear model) which considers the dynamic characteristics of the cold linear compressor with thermo-hydraulic governing equations for each of sub components of the PTR. All the mass flows and pressure waves were assumed to be sinusoidal.     

现场总线在冷矫直机辅机控制系统中的应用

本文结合冷矫辅机的电气控制系统,介绍了特殊管厂热处理线冷矫直机辅机的生产工艺,分析了控制系统的工艺流程和需求,着重描述了基于Profibus—DP现场总线的该区域控制系统的结构和调速系统的构成,以及S7—300PLC、ET200M远程I／O站和ATV71系列变频器的通信功能、网络组态和参数设置。通过Profibus—DP数据通信以实现对施耐德ATV71变频器和ET200M的网络化控制,使冷矫辅机的电气控制系统高效地运行。     

Slippage control in soft finger grasping and manipulation

Handling objects with robotic soft fingers without considering the odds of slippage are not realistic. Grasping and manipulation algorithms have to be tested under such conditions for evaluating their robustness. In this paper, a dynamic analysis of rigid object manipulation with slippage control is studied using a two-link finger with soft hemispherical tip. Dependency on contact forces applied by a soft finger while grasping a rigid object is examined experimentally. A power-law model combined with a linear viscous damper is used to model the elastic behavior and damping effect of the soft tip, respectively. In order to obtain precise dynamic equations governing the system, two second-order differential equations with variable coefficients have been designed to describe the different possible states of the contact forces accordingly. A controller is designed based on the rigid fingertip model using the concept of feedback linearization for each phase of the system dynamics. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the controller. The results reveal that the designed controller shows acceptable performance for both soft and rigid finger manipulation in reducing and canceling slippage. Furthermore, simulations indicate that the applied force in the soft finger manipulation is considerably less than the rigid “one.”.     

冷连轧计算机控制仿真系统结构与功能

在对某钢厂冷连轧机计算机控制系统的仿真过程中,力度参数的预计算是仿真系统的核心内容。该文通过对原设定值预计算系统的消化研究,总结出了原系统设定计算模块的基本结构及基本功能,依此对仿真系统进行了设计,就信息系统计算中存在的几个问题提出了解决方法,并讨论了仿真结果。     

迭代法计算制冷管道保冷层经济厚度

推导了计算保冷层经济厚度的迭代公式,通过实例分析及对比得出了保冷层的经济厚度。运用该方法不仅可以简单、快捷、准确地确定保冷层的经济厚度,达到节约能源的目的,而且还可以大大提高设计效率和设计质量。     

层状土入渗试验中指流发育的分形特征及入渗规律

土质结构差异较大的层状土入渗过程中易出现指流.为了了解层状土下层介质对指流发生发育的影响,以三种不同粒径的石英砂为下层介质和以砂壤土为上层介质进行了室内积水入渗的染色示踪试验.结果表明,下层介质粒径越大越易出现指流,且指流行进速度越快.指流发生后,入渗过程趋向于稳定,且下层土壤粒径越大,稳定入渗率与累积入渗量越小.采用湿润面积和湿润比描述指流发育的宏观特性,发现湿润面积和平均湿润比都随时间而增大,表明湿润锋趋于均匀.为定量研究层状土入渗中指流发育的分形特征,采用像素点覆盖法编制了计算染色示踪试验中分形维数发育的Matlab程序,对程序进行了验证并计算了四组试验指流发育的计盒维数.结果表明指流分布具有明显的分形特征,下层介质粒径越大计盒维数越小,且计盒维数随时间而增大.     

微生物对冰箱冷藏食品的影响研究

本文研究了微生物对冰箱冷藏食品的影响,研究表明,适冷菌在冰箱冷藏条件下可以生长繁殖,并引起食品腐败。在4℃冷藏条件下,新鲜生菜在冰箱冷藏室存放10天,在杀菌冰箱中生菜上的细菌总数由2.3×106cfu/g下降为4.6×104cfu/g,而在普通冰箱中,细菌总数由2.3×106cfu/g上升为为2.9×108cfu/g,普通冰箱食品上的细菌是杀菌冰箱食品上细菌的6304倍。研究表明,需要对冰箱冷藏食品进行微生物处理。