钢-铝铅半固态铸轧复合界面研究

针对钢-铝铅半固态复合界面的特点,采用界面铁铝化合物比率对钢-Al-28Pb半固态铸轧复合界面进行了定量研究,并且利用人工神经网络技术建立了界面铁铝化合物比率与复合参数(如钢板预热温度、Al-28Pb半固态浆料固相率、铸轧速度等)之间的关系模型.结果表明:与复合界面最大界面剪切强度相对应的界面铁铝化合物比率为71.5%,也就是说,合理的钢-Al-28Pb半固态铸轧复合界面应由71.5%的铁铝化合物构成.     

高速钢复合轧辊液固结合过程数值模拟

在试验的基础上,建立了高速钢复合轧辊铸造过程中外层高速钢钢液充型湍流流动及辊芯和外层高速钢液固结合时的三维速度场和温度场的计算模型,模拟了辊芯预热温度对凝固及界面结合情况的影响。结果表明,高速钢钢液在铸型中是从下到上、从两侧的交界面向中间顺序凝固的,但随着辊芯表面预热温度的不同,呈现出不同的特点。在同一截面上,当预热温度较低时,其最后凝固的位置位于工作层金属中间的某一位置,当预热温度较高时,最后凝固的位置位于工作层金属和辊芯之间的界面上。预热温度较低时,两者之间将难以形成冶金结合,预热温度适宜时,两者之间可以形成良好的冶金结合,适宜的辊芯预热温度为1100~1200℃。     

熔模精铸球铁技术的研究与应用

对熔模精铸球铁技术进行了研究和试验，重点对熔炼、浇注及冷却过程进行了试验，确定了较合理的工艺参数。经试验，蜡模压型的铸造收缩率可在0．5％～1．2％之间选择；型壳采用硅溶胶-水玻璃复合粘结剂工艺；球铁的化学成分按C、Si含量较高，Mn、S、P含量较低的原则确定。经批生产考核，精铸球铁铸件的金相组织可达到球化级别2级，石墨球大小6级，珠光体含量10％的要求。铸件力学性能也满足使用要求。     

高速钢离心复合轧辊结合层质量的研究

对离心复合铸造高速钢轧辊而言,结合层质量的好坏是衡量轧辊综合性能的重要指标之一。通过对高速钢轧辊结合层研究表明：在高速钢轧辊工作层与中间层之间存在一个通过液态扩散而形成的扩散层,中间层与芯部球墨铸铁之间为良好的冶金结合,扩散层组织由珠光体和大量较细小的碳化物组成,而且扩散层具有良好的强度性能。控制好扩散层是实现高速钢与球墨铸铁良好结合的关键。     

7A04高强铝合金复合强韧化工艺

采用复合强韧化工艺，对7A04铝合金的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明，通过熔体净化、晶粒细化、强化均匀化、锻造及分级固溶处理能明显改善和提高7A04高强铝合金的综合性能，而且可以大大减少均匀化处理的保温时间。     

新型雨水径流计量用复合堰的设计及率定

针对其他流量计量方法不易监测雨水径流流量的问题,提出一种新型复合堰,用于测量雨水径流流量,新设计的堰由下部三角形堰和上部矩形堰复合而成。根据不同重现期下的雨水峰值流量,确定堰的量程和基本尺寸。通过率定试验,得出不同水头下的流量系数以及流量-水头关系曲线。新型复合堰不仅可以精确测量小流量,而且对大流量也可有效测量,具有较高的量程比和较大的泄流能力。     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

Valuing pilot projects in a learning by investing framework: An approximate dynamic programming approach

We introduce a general discrete time dynamic framework to value pilot project investments that reduce idiosyncratic uncertainty with respect to the final cost of a project. The model generalizes different settings introduced previously in the literature by incorporating both market and technical uncertainty and differentiating between the commercial phase and the pilot phase of a project. In our model, the pilot phase requires N$N$ stages of investment for completion. With this distinction we are able to frame the problem as a compound perpetual Bermudan option. We work in an incomplete markets setting where market uncertainty is spanned by tradable assets and technical uncertainty is idiosyncratic to the firm. The value of the option to invest as well as the optimal exercise policy are solved by an approximate dynamic programming algorithm that relies on the independence of the state variables increments. We prove the convergence of our algorithm and derive a theoretical bound on how the errors compound as the number of stages of the pilot phase is increased. We implement the algorithm for a simplified version of the model where revenues are fixed, providing an economic interpretation of the effects of the main parameters driving the model. In particular, we explore how the value of the investment opportunity and the optimal investment threshold are affected by changes in market volatility, technical volatility, the learning coefficient, the drift rate of costs and the time to completion of a pilot stage.     

汉语名物化复合词识别

名物化复合词的识别是汉语复合词识别中的难点.困难之处在于汉语动词和名词共现时既可以构成动词短语也可以构成名物化复合词.传统的汉语复合词识别往往只使用语料统计特征,效果往往不怎么理想.基于最大熵模型,在基准上下文特征的基础上,采用了词汇特征与Web特征对动词和名词共现时的名物化候选进行判定,取得了较好的实验结果.其中,Precision达到了86.31%,Recall达到了70.00%.     

离心铝热法制造陶瓷衬里复合管 Ⅱ.陶瓷不锈钢衬里复合管的探索

探索了离心铝热法制造陶瓷不锈钢衬里复合管的工艺,研究了复合管中陶瓷层、不锈钢层和碳钢层的金相组织特征,讨论了衬里层出现缺陷的原因,并提出相应的工艺改进措施。