Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane,Tetrahydrofuran, and Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds Using Advanced Oxidation Processes

Ozonation and four types of advanced oxidation processes, including O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/UV, O₃/H₂O₂/UV, and UV/H₂O₂, were evaluated for the treatment of contaminated groundwater at a Superfund site in Simpsonville, South Carolina using bench-scale, batch ozone and UV apparatuses. Although the contaminants of concern were 1,4-dioxane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and trichloroethene, several other chlorinated organics as well as tetrahydrofuran were found in the groundwater samples. The O₃/H₂O₂ treatment with O₃ and H₂O₂ doses of 6 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, and the UV/H₂O₂ treatment with UV and H₂O₂ doses of 1,000 mJ/cm and 20 mg/L, respectively, were sufficient to degrade 200 µg/L of 1,4-dioxane, 110 µg/L of 1,1-dichloroethene, and 10 µg/L of trichloroethene below their performance standards of 10, 7, and 4 µg/L, respectively. Due to a high bromide concentration (0.35 mg/L) in the groundwater sample, bromate formation was found to be significant in ozone-based treatment, including O₃/H₂O₂.     

Investigation report of geotechnical disaster on river area due to typhoon landfall three times on Okhotsk region,Hokkaido, Japan

For one week from August 17 to 23, 2016, three consecutive typhoons made landfall in Hokkaido for the first time on record. These typhoons and the front they stimulated brought record-breaking torrential rain over the eastern part of Hokkaido. To investigate the damage to grounds and rivers resulting from this rainfall, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) and the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) formed a disaster research group to conduct an investigation. This report provides the results of the investigation into damage to the grounds of areas along the Tokoro River of the Okhotsk region, Hokkaido, that suffered from this tremendous and diverse disaster. Specifically, the report describes the situation of the levees which were broken and eroded by the overflowing water, the shape of the levee bodies, the levee body soil properties examined by observation of the sections, as well as the occurrence of sand boiling and air blows. The washout of road embankments as well as damage to road bridge mounting fills and abutment backfills were also investigated. The investigation has demonstrated the need to clarify the resistance of the abutment backfills and levee bodies to flowing water as well as the geotechnical predominant factors in order to clarify the mechanisms behind erosion and washout, the need to review new measures that allow for the scale of sand boiling and resultant changes in levee body stability, and the fact that the existing embankments were able to temporarily suppress the flooding water which had spilled over from the river. Furthermore, although it has been identified that the findings of a study on an embankment washout associated with a tsunami can be applied to measures taken against the overflowing water, it has also been found necessary to clarify the predominant geotechnical factors using model tests and to use a more sophisticated analytical approach to establish a geotechnical stability review as soon as possible in order to prevent the levees and embankments from being eroded and washed out due to overflowing water.     

Cyclic properties of dense to very dense silica sand

This paper presents results of a series of cyclic laboratory test performed on dense to very dense silica sand. Triaxial and direct simple shear tests were performed on reconstituted sand. The test program aimed to determine the cyclic shear strength and soil deformation properties for foundation design of offshore wind turbine structures on the Dogger Bank site, offshore United Kingdom, but is also applicable for foundation design of other offshore structures and other locations. Two sand batches were used, one with clean silica sand and one with 20% silt content. Normally consolidated specimens from both batches were reconstituted to a target relative density approximately equal to 100% and 80%. On the clean sand with a target relative density of 80%, tests were also performed on specimens with an overconsolidation ratio of OCR = 4. Various contour diagrams, presenting cyclic shear strength and average and cyclic shear strains for different number of cycles, are presented. These diagrams can be used in the front-end engineering design (FEED) stage of commercial design projects on similar soil conditions, to define soil behavior when limited cyclic data is available, or in the planning stage of a cyclic laboratory test program. Effects of precycling and fines content on the cyclic behavior of triaxial and DSS specimens are discussed.     

粘土矿物对重金属镉的吸附研究

通过等温吸附试验，研究了粘土矿物膨润土、海泡石、凹凸棒石对Cd^2 的吸附情况，并与土壤对Cd^2 的吸附情况进行了对比。试验表明，几种粘土矿物对Cd^2 有很好的吸附作用，可用于重金属污染土壤的治理。pH值是影响吸附效果的一个重要因素。     

人类活动与赣江流域泥沙变化规律研究

以赣江流域代表性站长系列降水、径流、泥沙等水文样本资料,研究人类活动对泥沙变化规律的影响,得到赣江流域泥沙变化规律及其发展态势,为水土保持、防洪、航运、灌溉、流域规划、河道治理、水利工程安全运行、河流泥沙站网的合理布设等国民经济建设提供科学依据.     

Preparation of high strength foam ceramics from sand shale and steel slag

Foam ceramics with high strength were successfully fabricated by using sand shale and steel slag as the major materials and SiC as foam agent. The influence of raw materials ratio and heat treatment temperatures on crystalline phases, porosity, mechanical properties and pore structures was investigated via XRF, XRD, SEM, DTA-TG, Micro-CT. The results indicate that the raw materials composed of 94 wt% sand shale and 6 wt% steel slag enable the fabrication of foam ceramics possessing strength of 29.98 MPa, bulk density of 0.821 g/cm³, total porosity of 67.22%, closed porosity of 55.27% and thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/(m·K). Micro-CT result shows that the pores with an average size of 267.05 μm are isolated. Pore wall thickness conforms to normal distribution, and it ranges from 18 to 42 μm. The superior property makes it promising high-strength and lightweight material in application fields, including thermal insulation materials and lightweight building materials.     

浅谈喷涂方式对铸钢件表面质量的影响

针对碱性酚醛树脂砂型喷涂醇基涂料,研究了不同的喷涂方式对砂型表面硬度的影响.试验结果表明,醇基涂料会降低碱性酚醛树脂砂型表面硬度,而理想的喷涂方式可有效减少砂型表面硬度降低,从而能够得到最佳的砂型硬度,满足高表面质量铸钢件生产.     

单、双螺杆泵的对比及应用

通过分析常见的单螺杆泵、双螺杆泵的结构特点,阐述这两种螺杆泵的工作原理,并将单螺杆泵、双螺杆泵这两种泵进行对比,总结出两种螺杆泵各自不同的特点和优越性。同时针对单螺杆泵在应用中产生振动的问题,分析其产生振动的原因,提出了防止单螺杆泵振动应采取的几种方法与措施;并针对双螺杆泵在应用中对含沙量比较敏感提出一定的防治措施,为以后在油田中的应用中合理选择螺杆泵提供一定的依据。     

丛枝菌根真菌在有机污染物污染土壤植物修复中的应用

综述了丛枝菌根真菌-植物体系在有机物污染土壤修复中的效果;分析了丛枝菌根真菌促进植物修复的机理;并探讨了影响丛枝菌根真菌在有机物污染土壤植物修复作用的因素。文章最后总结了目前这一技术存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

岩土工程勘察阶段的污染地基土调查

2009年修订版<岩土工程勘察规范>所做的最大修订,即为对污染地基土调查部分的修订.新修订给出了污染地基土调查的一般指导原则.污染地基土的环境调查涉及多学科的综合应用,一般岩土工程勘察单位还不具备进行污染地基土调查及对调查结果评价的能力,也不具备进行修复治理方案设计和实施的能力.本文结合实际污染地基土的调查、评价及治理...