降低重熔用铝锭生产中铝氧化烧损的措施

本文通过对重熔用铝锭生产过程中铝的氧化烧损的原因分析,提出了在生产操作中添加熔剂进行渣铝分离和防止氧化烧损工艺技术以及铝渣冷却回收技术,达到减少铝的氧化烧损目的。     

我国发展生物质发电技术的前景分析

介绍了发展生物质发电的必要性和客观必然性及其各方面优势条件,提出焚烧发电是生物发电发展的主流,给出了生物质发电的主要技术及其特点,阐述了生物质发电存在的问题和解决方法。     

一起220 kV主变压器有载分接开关触头烧损缺陷分析

文中分析了一起有载分接开关触头在220 kV主变压器有载分接开关深度检修中首次报告烧损的缺陷。该有载分接开关经过试验和现场吊芯检查后,发现奇数侧主动触头组的A相触头发黑变色,转轴烧结失去功能。经分析奇数侧触头组的转轴接触电阻异常增大导致的过热为开关触头烧损的直接原因。根据缺陷产生机理分析,文中对有载分接开关日常运维提出了针对性建议,为后续类似工作处置提供了宝贵经验。     

220t／h循环流化床锅炉水冷壁磨损泄漏的研究

针对晋田热电厂2台220t／h循环流化床锅炉受热面存在严重磨损的问题,从锅炉结构、燃煤粒度、运行参数等多方面进行了分析,并提出预防的措施。对于循环流化床锅炉,炉膛截面积选择的大小影响炉内循环物料的速度,即水冷壁的磨损速度,燃料的发热量影响炉内循环物料的浓度。为减轻水冷壁的磨损,锅炉厂应选择较大的炉膛截面积,电厂要选用发热量与设计值相接近的煤种。     

以拔头油(液态轻烃)为原料生产城市管道煤气的技术及其应用

本文介绍了以低成本的拔头油(液态轻烃)替代液化石油气作为原料生产城市人工煤气的原理、技术方案及实施效果,分析了该项技术的市场应用前景,为科学利用炼油厂重整拔头油找到了一条理想的途径,对煤气生产企业降低成本、提高效益有一定帮助。     

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution derives from combustion and non‐combustion sources and consists of various chemical species that may differentially impact human health and climate. Previous reviews of PM chemical component concentrations and sources focus on high‐income urban settings, which likely differ from the low‐ and middle‐income settings where solid fuel (ie, coal, biomass) is commonly burned for cooking and heating. We aimed to summarize the concentrations of PM chemical components and their contributing sources in settings where solid fuel is burned. We searched the literature for studies that reported PM component concentrations from homes, personal exposures, and direct stove emissions under uncontrolled, real‐world conditions. We calculated weighted mean daily concentrations for select PM components and compared sources of PM determined by source apportionment. Our search criteria yielded 48 studies conducted in 12 countries. Weighted mean daily cooking area concentrations of elemental carbon, organic carbon, and benzo(a)pyrene were 18.8 μg m^?3, 74.0 μg m^?3, and 155 ng m^?3, respectively. Solid fuel combustion explained 29%‐48% of principal component/factor analysis variance and 41%‐87% of PM mass determined by positive matrix factorization. Multiple indoor and outdoor sources impacted PM concentrations and composition in these settings, including solid fuel burning, mobile emissions, dust, and solid waste burning.     

Coupling of an innovative small PWR and advanced sodium‐cooled fast reactor for incineration of TRU from once‐through PWRs

In the nuclear industry, safely managing spent fuels discharged from PWRs (pressurized water reactors) is an ongoing challenge. In this paper, a synergistic coupling of innovative small long‐cycle PWRs and advanced sodium‐cooled fast reactors is considered to reduce the accumulated TRUs (transuranics) by transmuting them with electricity production. In the coupling strategy, the innovative small PWRs employing UO₂–ThO₂ and fully ceramic micro‐encapsulated fuels are used to deeply burn TRUs from commercial PWRs, while advanced SFRs (sodium‐cooled fast reactors) with actinide recycling are designed to further transmute the TRUs discharged from innovative small PWRs. This work focuses on the core physics analysis of new SFR burner cores using different TRU feeds discharged from small PWRs. Additionally, quasi‐static reactivity balance analyses are performed to understand the safety of the SFR burner cores. The mass flows of TRUs in the nuclear park, which is composed of PWRs, small long‐cycle PWRs, and SFR burners, are analyzed to evaluate TRU inventory reduction. The results of this study show that the advanced SFR burners with all the TRU feed types discharged from the small long‐cycle PWRs have a high TRU consumption rate. They satisfy all of the conditions for self‐controllability under unprotected accidents with a reasonable number of control rods. This coupling strategy requires ~35% less power in conjunction with the advanced SFR burners in the nuclear park and increases the support ratio of SFR burners by ~42% than does the coupling of commercial PWRs and SFR burners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效电火花线切割磁场对表面烧伤影响研究

为减少往复走丝电火花线切割在大能量加工条件下工件表面出现的烧伤条纹,分析了烧伤条纹形成的机理:烧伤条纹主要是因汽化后切缝内工作液不足,熔融的蚀除产物无法随工作液向切缝后部顺畅地排出,从而附着在切缝侧壁而产生。而与切缝轨迹方向平行的梯度磁场可对铁基蚀除产物产生磁场力作用,以借助磁场来促进蚀除产物的排出。试验结果显示:磁场能有效减轻烧伤条纹的产生,且通过极间放电波形的采集发现,在磁场作用下放电波形中击穿延时比例增加,说明极间放电间隙状态有所改善。     

含火烧煤层露天矿边坡变形破裂过程FEPG模拟研究

露天矿开采过程中边坡变形破裂过程一直是岩土工程领域研究的难点,尤其考虑含火烧煤层露天矿开采过程中的边坡稳定使得研究问题更加复杂。采用FEPG数值模拟的研究方法,对露天矿某边坡KT3剖面进行了破裂过程分析,得到了含火烧煤层露天矿边坡变形破裂规律,研究结果表明,边坡火烧砂岩的顶部首先出现拉张裂缝,边坡以压剪破坏为主,压剪破坏又促使拉张破坏,二者相互影响,最终导致边坡发生失稳破坏。